Government Corruptness in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Balanced Budget Controversies Republican vs Democrat Solutions Essay

Adjusted Budget Controversies Republican versus Democrat Solutions - Essay Example Ongoing advancements which have come about because of the impacts of the Economic Recession have prompted an expansion in the contention encompassing the change to incorporate arrangements of a decent spending plan into the US constitution. The separation has been especially articulated between the Democrats and the Republicans. These discussions while propelled from supposedly monetary points of view have connotations of political approaches which these gatherings are attempting to secure. There are three principle contentions in the reasonable spending banter; the conventionalist approach; the Ricardian see; and the view that a fair financial plan doesn't speak to a precise estimation of monetary arrangement. The conventionalist see contends that spending shortages at present will prompt a debilitating of the economy in future replenishing to bring down venture, higher local financing costs which influence sends out and eventually a decrease in longer term monetary development. The Ricardian point of view takes an exchange viewpoint on the decent spending issue. The rationale of the Ricardian see is that spending deficiencies today speak to higher future assessments. The point of view accept that since residents recognize future higher assessments they alter their investment funds and spending as needs be prompting little impact on long haul development. The third position accepts that while the legislature may impact spending sparing and venture, the impact of the spending shortfall isn't the main proportion of the financial strategy impact on these factors (Joyce 122). While the two principle sides in the discussion gather to the different financial discussions, actually more established in political contemplations. Both the two gatherings are keen on prevailing upon or holding their democratic locale through the contribution of tax reductions, and motivations. The issue of the spending deficiency has various translations by think tanks and ideological grou ps. The Republican Party is the most vocal in requiring an alteration that would set forward a protected limit for government spending so as to coordinate consumption. The recommended correction set forth by the Republicans is to limit government use to 18% of pay (Jansson 268). The perspective on the Republican Party takes the conventionalist see in accepting that higher duties negatively affect longer term financial development by decreasing national reserve funds, venture and fares. The primary purpose of the Republican Party contention is primarily on the impact of the expansion of a spending deficiency on people in the future. The push of the contention is that since a spending shortage lessens speculation, it results to a reduction in future profitability affecting long haul monetary development (Joyce 139-141). Republicans are accordingly for the downsizing of social projects or their absolute abrogation as they esteem them pointless weights on the economy. The Democratic Par ty then again receives both the Ricardian and periphery approaches with respect to a fair financial plan. The contention of the Democratic Party is that residents recognize the impacts of a spending shortfall and consequently spare and spend appropriately. The Democratic Party likewise doesn't accept that the spending shortfall is the main variable in financial strategy results. The Democrats are for cuts in the spending which are dispersed over a range of ten years instead of the fixed top (Jansson, 21-219). The point of view trusts in the jamming as a result whereby the consumption by government prompts yield request prompting capital venture. While the Republicans contend that

Geography of Burma or Myanmar

Topography of Burma or Myanmar Populace: 53,414,374 (July 2010 estimate)Capital: Rangoon (Yangon)Bordering Countries: Bangladesh, China, India, Laos, and ThailandLand Area: 261,228 square miles (676,578 sq km)Coastline: 1,199 miles (1,930 km)Highest Point: Hkakabo Razi at 19,295 feet (5,881 m)Burma, formally called the Union of Burma, is the biggest nation by zone situated in Southeast Asia. Burma is otherwise called Myanmar. Burma originates from the Burmese word Bamar which is the nearby word for Myanmar. The two words allude to most of the populace being Burman. Since British frontier times, the nation has been known as Burma in English nonetheless, in 1989, the military government in the nation changed huge numbers of the English interpretations and changed the name to Myanmar. Today, nations and world associations have chosen their own which name to use for the nation. The United Nations for instance, calls it Myanmar, while numerous English talking nations call it Burma.History of BurmaBurmas early history i s overwhelmed by the progressive guideline of a few distinctive Burman administrations. The first of these to bind together the nation was the Bagan Dynasty in 1044 CE. During their standard, Theravada Buddhism rose in Burma and an enormous city with pagodas and Buddhist cloisters was worked along the Irrawaddy River. In 1287, be that as it may, the Mongols obliterated the city and assumed responsibility for the area.In the fifteenth century, the Taungoo Dynasty, another Burman administration, recovered control of Burma and as per the U.S. Division of State, built up a huge multi-ethnic realm that was centered around development and the victory of Mongol domain. The Taungoo Dynasty kept going from 1486 to 1752.In 1752, the Taungoo Dynasty, was supplanted by the Konbaung, the third and last Burman administration. During Konbaung rule, Burma experienced a few wars and was attacked multiple times by China and multiple times by the British. In 1824, the British started their conventional victory of Burma and in 1885, it dealt with Burma in the wake of adding it to British I ndia.During World War II, the 30 Comrades, a gathering of Burmese patriots, endeavored to drive out the British, however in 1945 the Burmese Army joined British and U.S. troops with an end goal to compel out the Japanese. After WWII, Burma again pushed for autonomy and in 1947 a constitution was finished trailed by full freedom in 1948.From 1948 to 1962, Burma had a vote based government yet there was across the board political shakiness inside the nation. In 1962, a military overthrow took over Burma and set up a military government. All through the remainder of the 1960s and into the 1970s and 1980s, Burma was strategically, socially and monetarily temperamental. In 1990, parliamentary decisions occurred yet the military system wouldn't recognize the results.During the mid 2000s, the military system stayed in charge of Burma in spite of a few endeavors for oust and dissents for a progressively vote based government. On August 13, 2010, the military government reported that parliamentary races would occur on November 7, 2010.Government of BurmaToday Burmas government is as yet a military system that has seven regulatory divisions and seven states. Its official branch is comprised of a head of state a nd head of government, while its authoritative branch is a unicameral Peoples Assembly. It was chosen in 1990, yet the military system never permitted it to be situated. Burmas legal branch comprises of leftovers from the British pioneer time however the nation has no reasonable preliminary assurances for its citizens.Economics and Land Use in BurmaBecause of severe government controls, Burmas economy is unsteady and a lot of its populace lives in destitution. Burma is in any case, wealthy in regular assets and there is some industry in the nation. All things considered, quite a bit of this industry depends on horticulture and the handling of its minerals and different assets. Industry incorporates rural preparing, wood and wood items, copper, tin, tungsten, iron, concrete, development materials, pharmaceuticals, manure, oil and petroleum gas, pieces of clothing, jade and pearls. Horticultural items are rice, beats, beans, sesame, groundnuts, sugarcane, hardwood, fish and fish products.Geography and Climate of BurmaBurma has a long coastline that fringes the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal. Its geography is overwhelmed by focal swamps that are ringed by steep, rough seaside mountains. The most noteworthy point in Burma is Hkakabo Razi at 19,295 feet (5,881 m). The atmosphere of Burma is viewed as tropical rainstorm and as such it has blistering, damp summers with downpour from June to September and dry mellow winters from December to April. Burma is likewise inclined to risky climate like violent winds. For instance in May 2008, Cyclone Nargis hit the countrys Irrawaddy and Rangoon divisions, cleared out whole towns and left 138,000 individuals dead or missing.ReferencesCentral Intelligence Agency. (3 August 2010). CIA - The World Factbook - Burma. Recovered from: https://www.cia.gov/library/distributions/the-world-factbook/geos/bm.htmlInfoplease.com. (n.d.). Myanmar: History, Geography, Government, and Culture-Infoplease.com. Recovered from: infoplease.com/ipa/A0107808.html#axzz0wnnr8CKBUnited States Department of State. (28 July 2010). Burma. Recovered from: state.gov/r/dad/ei/bgn/35910.htmWikipedia.com. (16 August 2010). Burma - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia . Recovered from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burma

Comparison Between Business and Public Sector Reporting

Question: Talk about theComparison Between Business and Public Sector Reporting. Answer: Presentation The current report depends on the distinctions accessible in detailing arrangement of Business and open areas. The data with respect to key money related assets and key exhibitions pointers have been talked about in the report. Diagnostic Summary: Key Performance Indicators The above table speaks to the key execution markers of all the three associations. As a division of social assistance and branch of treasury account are identified with the administration area, henceforth their exhibition won't be estimated on budgetary parameters as on account of the private part and the equivalent has been introduced previously. The presentation of the two association is based on the work done by the to assist society. On account of Australia post, insights about the explanation behind misfortune have been given in the yearly report, and the equivalent is absent in the report of other two associations. The yearly report of government association predominantly gives insights about the projects composed by them for the government assistance of society and the yearly report of private associations accentuation on the accomplishments achieved by the organization in the business to which it has a place. It comprises an announcement of exercises it has performed to help condition and society. In every one of the three execution of, Department of treasury and money is better it is on the grounds that they are creating surplus by making viable use of accessible assets. Key Financing Sources The financing wellsprings of the administration parts are the assets which are given to them according to the guidelines and law. Then again, wellsprings of private parts are value and acquiring which are made accessible to them as per their benefit status by outer assets. The assets are appropriated to government associations as per the need or nature of the obligation which must be finished and not based on benefit or dissolvability status of the association. The principle center is given around the work done by the associations in the yearly report of government association and on account of private areas the accentuation is on the benefit, turnover and wellsprings of money and parameters in regards to the dissolvability of association. Table demonstrating correlation of key execution pointers and wellsprings of financing of government and private area Name of the substance Pay articulation Position proclamation Income articulation Proclamation of changes in value Explanation of duty Key Performance Indicators Key wellsprings of financing Branch of social assistance Truly Truly Truly Truly No Government disability Families and Communities Maturing and Aged Care (Department of Social Services Annual Report 201415) Account is given through the allocation of act installment is gotten for two sorts of financing departmental and overseeing. Australia Post Truly Truly Truly Truly No Misfortune after expense of $221.7 million which included loss of consolidation year for example $190million. Money Investment measuring $ 349.9 million has been made across undertakings and resource substitution and procurement. Bundle administration business is the key driver of development as it conveyed development inspire of 3.6% or $112.8 million. (Australian Post Annual Report 201415.) 1. Issue of value 2. Bonds. 3. Borrowings. Branch of treasury and account Truly Truly Truly Truly Truly Working incomes surplus to income. Net obligation to income Intrigue cost to income. (VIC Government Financial report 2014-2015.) 1. Advances. 2. Obtaining. 3. Stores. References Australian Post Annual Report 201415. [Online]. (2015). Accessible throughhttps://auspost.com.au/about-us/distributions. [Accessed on 25th September 2016.] Division of Social Services Annual Report 201415. [Online]. (2015). Accessible through https://www.dss.gov.au/destinations/default/records/reports/10_2015/dss_2014-15_annual_report_wcag.pdf. [Accessed on 25th September 2016.] VIC Government Financial report 2014-2015. [Online]. (2015). Accessible throughhttps://www.dtf.vic.gov.au/Publications/Government-Financial-Management-distributions/Financial-Reports/2014-15-Financial-Report-fusing Quarterly-Financial-Report-No-4.[Accessed on 25th September 2016.]

Tips on How to Write Term Paper Writing

Tips on How to Write Term Paper WritingIt's easy to get caught up in all the exciting ideas you have for term paper topics. However, when it comes time to actually write your paper, you may find yourself stuck.When you get stuck on a certain topic, there are many different ways to go about solving it. You may try to recall the same idea over again, or you may find something fresh to add. You may even consider taking notes, but chances are if you have studied what you are writing, it would be quite obvious to you where you should begin.To make sure that you are always writing the best professional term paper writing possible, it is important to practice. There are several ways to do this. The best way is to keep a notebook handy with everything you are writing and then change them out when you think of something better.One huge mistake many students make is to just continue to write the same thing over again. When it comes time to actually write your paper, you will probably realize t hat you need to stop. It is important to know that you can just as easily make some notes and change them when you find a better idea.When you are ready to write a paper on a new topic, simply take a page and start writing about the topic. Do not try to get your thoughts together by doing a research search first. Instead, go back to your main idea and rewrite it from scratch.When you are learning how to write a term paper, one of the most valuable things you can do is to use a good study guide. These guides will help you organize your ideas in a way that will make it easier to get them into the proper order and formatting required for good term paper writing. They can also help you to think of better solutions to common problems as well.Keep your personal life and career aside when you are first starting out. Do not worry about writing papers, just enjoy doing research, reading books, and going to lectures. As you become more comfortable with your new writing skills, you can move on to other things and put your writing skills to use on other types of topics.Remember that having the knowledge and experience to write a professional term paper will benefit you throughout your life. If you want to excel in your writing career, make sure that you take your writing skills to the next level.

Contradiction, Comedy, and Sympathy in Marlowes Hero and Leander - Literature Essay Samples

Christopher Marlowe’s Hero and Leander challenges 16th century Christian teaching. Christian teaching on desire stems from Thomas Aquinas’ Natural Law which is a set of moral laws intended to identify God’s purpose for human life. One of the five primary precepts states that the main purpose of sex is to procreate. Therefore, according to Natural Law, Hero and Leander’s sexual relationship contradicts God’s intention for humanity. Through exploring the immaturity of the characters’ relationship, the poem dissuades the reader from condemning the protagonists’ actions by inviting sympathy for them through comedy. The protagonists are presented as young people with a limited view of desire rather than sinners who deliberately contradict God’s word. The only expressions of desire that Hero is aware of are extremes, either lust or coyness. This is immediately obvious when she is described as ‘Venus’ nun’ (45). The contradiction here is clear. As the Goddess of love, Venus embodies desire, fertility and sex whereas the nun embodies purity and chastity. Kocher notes that ‘Venus’ nun’ was Elizabethan slang for prostitute which further enhances the extremes Hero represents, her existence is a contradiction because she is both nun and prostitute (p295). This is key in evoking sympathy for Hero as it shows that her understanding of desire is limited. She is not a sinner for desiring Leander, as traditional Christian teaching would suggest. Indeed she is confused by Leander’s interest, usually disapproving of the men who fall at her feet, waiting the judgement ‘of her scornful eyes’. When Leander openly asks her to bed, saying ‘we human creatures should enjoy that blissâ €™ (254) she bursts into tears, ‘a stream of liquid pearl’ (297) falls down her face . She is caught between what she knows of chastity as a nun and the physical attraction she naturally feels for Leander. Leander’s view of love and women is limited. He is aware of his feelings for Hero but sees women as objects; ‘strings to be tuned’ and ‘vessels to be kept shiny’. He speaks boldly of sex and virginity, asking Hero ‘Wilt thou live single still? One shalt thou be, Though never-singling Hymen couple thee’ (257-258) but has no idea how to consummate. This lack of information means he cannot realise his sexual desire in a meaningful way either. Douglas Bush criticizes the poem for its general lack of depth and purity in its depiction of love (p130-137). Although this may seem to be the case, this lack of depth is clearly a deliberate act. Hero and Leander have a view of desire that leaves them unable to confront their sexua l urges in a meaningful way and so by extension their sexual relationship will lack depth. The lovers are unable to have a productive sexual relationship because they have such a limited understanding of sexuality. By highlighting this Marlowe encourages sympathy for the lovers rather than condemnation. The comedic nature of the poem encourages us to laugh at the lovers and sympathise with them. Walsh notes that ‘although aware of the lover’s shortcomings we are both amused and sympathetic’ (p42). An example of this comedy can be seen in Neptune’s pursuit of Leander. We are told that ‘the lusty God embraced him, called him love and swore he never should return to Jove’ (167-168) and Leander replies ‘I am no women, I’ (192). The comedy comes from Neptune’s mistake over Leander’s gender and shows the reader that the piece is intended to be humorous. The consummation between the protagonists is also comic. Leander is said to cling to her ‘so about that mermaid like onto the floor she slid’ (314-315). The image of a mermaid is incongruous with romance and far from the impressive rhetoric Leander uses to convince Hero to have sex with him. This adds to the humour of the scene and also shows that their act of passion is not full of lust but youthful and fumbling. The comedy humanizes the lovers and evokes the reader’s sympathy for them. As Walsh notes, ‘Marlowe enjoys their fumbling pursuit of sex’ (p50) and indeed the humour encourages the reader to see their sex as a youthful expression of desire, undeserving of punishment. Marlowe’s version of the poem does not end in death, unlike Museaus’ original. Omitting the known ending serves a dual purpose. It avoids casting a moral judgement on the behaviour of the protagonists but it also symbolises the lack of information the lovers have on sexual desire from the prevailing Christian narrative and because they are so young. The ending of Museus’ poem would have been known by all so the decision to end with ‘desunt nonnulla’ is poignant as it is not simply changing a narrative, but changing a narrative that would have been ubiquitous. This reflects the challenge the poem poses to the pervasive nature of Christianity and its condemnation of the lover’s desire. The ending of the poem is unlike the digressive story of Mercury (386-484) which operates conventionally according to cause and effect and includes the conventional ending (Haber, P378). This is interesting as it demonstrates that passion should not necessarily re sult in death as Christianity would suggest. Haber points out that ‘the stability of the desired end is further undermined in Leander’s homoerotic encounter with Neptune (p380). In this encounter we are shown an alternate depiction of desire that is clearly condemned in Christian teaching, Leviticus states that ‘man shall not lie with man as he does with woman’ (Leviticus 18.22). Although homosexual desire is not explicitly endorsed in the poem, Neptune’s attraction to Leander is successful in showing that alternate forms of desire exist which are not socially conventional or encouraged. The subversions of expected endings are crucial in the poem’s attempt to undermine traditional narratives on desire and promote sympathy for the protagonists. It is clear that traditional understanding of desire as either being lustful and sinful, or chaste (unless within marriage), as suggested by Christian teaching, leaves the lovers confused and uneducated in desire. Through the use of comedy, Marlowe evokes sympathy for the lovers and avoids passing moral judgement on their actions by omitting the known ending. While the poem does not explicitly endorse extra-marital relations, it does suggest that the protagonists have a limited understanding of desire and should not be condemned to die for their acts. Bibliography Bush, Douglas. Mythology And The Renaissance Tradition In English Poetry. W.W. Norton, 1963, pp. 130-137. Haber, Judith. â€Å"‘True-Loves Blood’: Narrative and Desire in ‘Hero and Leander.’† English Literary Renaissance, vol. 28, no. 3, 1998, pp. 372–386. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/43447769. Kocher, Paul Harold, and Christopher Marlowe. Christopher Marlow, Individualist. (Reprinted From The University Of Toronto Quarterly.). 1948. Marlowe, Christopher, and Stephen Orgel. The Complete Poems And Translations [Of] Christopher Marlowe. Penguin, 1979, pp. 3-27. The King James Study Bible. Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2008. Walsh, William P. â€Å"Sexual Discovery and Renaissance Morality in Marlowes ‘Hero and Leander.’† Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, vol. 12, no. 1, 1972, pp. 33–54. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/449972.

History of the Hula Hoop - Trivia and More

The hula hoop is an ancient invention; no modern company and no single inventor can claim that they invented the first hula hoop. In fact, the Ancient Greeks often used hooping as a form of exercise. Older hoops have been made from metal, bamboo, wood, grasses, and even vines. However, modern companies re-invented their own versions of the hula hoop using unusual materials, for example; plastic hula hoops with added bits of glitter and noisemakers, and hoops that are collapsible. Origins of the Name Hula Hoop Around 1300, hooping came to Great Britain, homemade versions of the toy became very popular. In the early 1800s, British sailors first witnessed hula dancing in the Hawaiian Islands. Hula dancing and hooping look somewhat similar and the name hula hoop came together. Wham-O Trademarks and Patents the Hula Hoop Richard Knerr and Arthur Spud Melin founded the Wham-O company, which helped popularize another ancient toy, the frisbee. Knerr and Melin started the Wham-O company from their Los Angeles garage in 1948. The men were marketing a slingshot originally invented for training pet falcons and hawks (it slung meat at the birds). This slingshot was named Wham-O because of the sound it made when it hit the target. Wham-O also became the companys name. Wham-O has become the most successful manufacturer of hula hoops in modern times. They trademarked the name Hula Hoop ® and started manufacturing the toy out of the new plastic Marlex in 1958. On May 13, 1959, Arthur Melin applied for a patent for his version of the hula hoop. He received U.S. Patent Number 3,079,728 on March 5, 1963, for a Hoop Toy. Twenty million Wham-O hula hoops sold for $1.98 in the first six months. Hula Hoop Trivia Japan once banned the hula hoop because the rotating hip action seems indecent.On June 4, 2005, Australian Kareena Oates set a Guinness world record for hula hooping — with 100 hoops for three full revolutions.101 hoops were spun by Alesya Goulevich of Belarus on June 11, 2006105 hoops were spun by Jin Linlin of China on October 28, 2007.The world record for the largest Hula Hoop (by circumference) spun was set by American Ashrita Furman at 51.5 feet on June 1, 2007.

World War III Short Story - 1077 Words

WORLD WAR III He opened the safe and it had gone. No one had the code. Who could have opened it? It was August 4th, 2045. The war was not looking good, and thousands had died. The only thing that could end the war was gone. It was over. So they called in Detective Brown. The dim lit room was covered with smoke stains and bullet holes. â€Å"Sir†¦ the plans are gone,† the soldier guarding the plans was whimpering. â€Å"How could you let this happen!† The General roared. â€Å"I believe I can catch the thief before he returns to France, General,† Detective Brown stroked his moustache. â€Å"You mean he isn’t in France yet?† The General smiled. â€Å"I want troops in every corner and every street of America!† â€Å"There might be a mole. We can’t risk it.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å" I caught you kid!† The soldier stepped on his shoes, punched him and started running. â€Å"Ow!† The Detective started to run but slipped onto the cold hard ground. THUD! The Detective woke up in a dark cold room. It was the hospital room that the rebels took over in 2025. â€Å"Are you alright sir?† the soldier asked. â€Å"Hey! Get over here!† Detective Brown grabbed a reflex hammer and started swinging. Two soldiers walked in and restrained him with zip ties. â€Å"Who are you?† Detective Brown took a look around. â€Å"Where am I?† â€Å"My name is Thomas James. I am a spy for the president, I’m no rebel.† the soldier smiled. â€Å"Sure.† Detective Brown replied sarcastically. Thomas rolled down a vial of blood. â€Å"Test it. I’m completely off the grid.† â€Å"Are you letting me go?† Detective Brown grabbed the vial as the two soldiers cut off the zip ties. â€Å"We don’t need you here,† Thomas chuckled. â€Å"You aren’t a rebel for sure?† â€Å"My father was. I’ve never met him. Found flags all over the place.† Thomas threw a key at the Detective. â€Å"You are always welcome.† â€Å"Thanks.† The Detective ran to his office and started testing the blood, when he got a voicemail. â€Å"Hey Detective. I found the culprit. It was the soldier guarding it. Tomorrow is the trial. Verdict is probably treason. Penalty for treason is execution. Haha. Bye† The Detective grabbed the tester and looked at it. No match. Similar matches: Dexter James. BAM! The door burst open and five men walkedShow MoreRelatedFiction Essay of The Most Dangerous Game and The Destructors1006 Words   |  5 PagesThesis: The setting of a story plays a vital role when considering the overall outlook to which that story has to offer. In short stories, the setting can be much more significant due to the fact time has been reduced for the reader. 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The Oration On The Dignity Of Mani - 1171 Words

According to Pico Della Mirandola, in the Oration on the Dignity of Mani, human beings are free to become anything they want. He explained the level that humans reside in using chains. Using the chains he placed the angels high up on the chain and the animals on the bottom. Humans are not on either ends of the chains. They are not up high in the chain like angels and they are not in the bottom of the chain like animals, but instead they are in the middle. Being in the middle of the chain they are the observer of the world. They watch over the world that god created. God put humans in the middle of the chain and giving them the freedom to choose what form they take and what they can become. They have the freedom to be reborn as the lowest which is animals or as the highest in the chain, angels. They can choose to degrade themselves or upgrade themselves. If they do bad things, greedy, and live selfishly than they will degrade themselves to animals and if they do good deeds than they w ill upgrade themselves to Angels, high up on the chain. Based on their â€Å"unique individual talents†(Western Civilization, brief 3rd edition, 296)ii, human will be reborn as animals or angels. The noblest goal of the freedom that human beings have is that they should aim to upgrade their rank closer to angels. The similarities between Pico Della Mirandola and Martin Luther understanding of human nature is that they can do what they want. Their view of human nature is that there are justice and

The Diversity Of The Australian Curriculum - 972 Words

All students in education come from different backgrounds. Australia is a diverse, multicultural country with 44% of Australians born overseas or have one parent born overseas, Lawrence, Brooker, Goodnow, (2012, p. 75). Its diverse population is manifested in students who bring to class their ‘virtual bags,’ (Thomson, 2002), full of different cultures, languages, religious practices, value systems and customs which may alienate them from the dominant culture. Educators must create educational environments, which cater for all microcultural groups to experience educational equality, (Banks, 2006, p. 78); otherwise the learning spaces will become hotspots for issues of diversity and difference. The Australian Curriculum recognises that all students are entitled to high quality education and acknowledges that students’ needs and interests vary, and that schools and teachers will plan from the curriculum in ways that respond to those needs and interests, Australian C urriculum and Assessment Authority (ACARA, 2013). Therefore, educators have a greater responsibility to appreciate diversity and difference by examining their attitudes and beliefs and confront the biases, which influenced their value systems as it helps them to appreciate children’s perspectives that are different from their own. This will increase students’ success as educators apply strategies and pedagogy that welcomes and supports all students irrespective of their culture, ethnicity or race, gender, abilityShow MoreRelatedDiversity And Diversity Of The Australian Government Provides Educators With Curriculum, Assessment And Reporting Authority921 Words   |  4 PagesIt is important for educators to understand issues of diversity and difference to ensure no students are disadvantaged and all students are treated equally. While the Australian Government provides educators with curricula, the Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF) for Kindergarten educators and the Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACARA) for primary and high school educators, these curricula should be seen as guidelines and not black and white. Educators will constantlyRead MoreSchool Curriculum And The Early Years Learning Framework972 Words   |  4 Pagesmust acknowledge issues of diversity and difference and know how to approach these issues. There are two key documents that guide educators in their planning and implementation of curriculum; The Australian Curriculum and The Early Years Learning Framework. Using these two documents to create learning programs, educators must enact an inclusive curriculum that empowers all students, regardless of differences. For educators to understand and address issues of diversity and differences such as socio-economicRead MoreInclusive Curriculum : Education And Inclusive Education769 Words   |  4 PagesInclusive Curriculum In the 19th century, special needs learners, particularly students with disability have to be segregated in the special schools. However, over the past decades, humanity’s progress has occurred in acknowledging that students with special needs enjoy the same education rights as their peers. Nowadays, this group of student cohort has access to mainstreaming schools and inclusive education. In Australia, today’s classrooms are becoming increasingly diverse. According to AustralianRead MoreWhat Does Inclusive Education Means? Essay1626 Words   |  7 Pagesme as a teacher in 2014 and beyond? â€Å" In first being able to define inclusive education, it is necessary to understand the diversity of the student population. Disability comes in my varying forms and can be physical, sensory, intellectual, mental health and emotional, developmental, and non-visible (e.g. asthma). If disability was the only agent to consider in the diversity scenario things would be easier for teachers but there are a number of other classifications of students to consider: GiftedRead MoreRationale Of Curriculum Integration And Differentiation1705 Words   |  7 PagesAssessment 1 – Rationale Curriculum Integration and Differentiation 4000 Alyssa Hutchinson 15506357 The contemporary classroom is a rich blend of children from varied backgrounds, all with individual needs, interests and abilities. These students must be able learn in a context that is relevant to their lives and every day experiences as 21st century learners (Australian Curriculum and Reporting Authority, 2013). Integration or integrated curriculum at its core, is solely about making connectionsRead MoreWhat Does Culture And Diversity Mean?898 Words   |  4 Pagesuniverse of complexity and uncertainty. The global connectedness of the twenty first century means that everything in this world is interrelated and connected. Within the Australian context, due to globalisation and mass migration, Australia is ethnically and culturally diverse. Australia is also enriched with Indigenous Australian culture. A unique and multicultural community, Australia is therefore dynamic, diverse and constantly growing. This means that our schools are also dynamic, complex andRead MoreInclusion Essa y981 Words   |  4 Pagesor disability, and this forms the basis for Australia’s standards in human rights law (Ashman, 2008; Australian Human Rights Commission, 2008; Centre for Studies on Inclusive Education, 2008). The value of inclusive policy in society is reinforced as discriminatory behaviours relating to employment, education and law enforcement once commonplace are viewed harshly and treated seriously (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2008). Severe penalties for breaches of these standards requires service providersRead MoreWhy Should Schooling Change At Every State Border?1474 Words   |  6 PagesSecondary College, Stephen Buckle, in response to the proposal for a national curriculum. Using a well judged tone, Buckle argues that Australia needs to have a â€Å"common curriculum† in order to achieve unity across the country as Australians are â€Å"one people†. Opposing this proposal an anonymous writer of, â€Å"A single curriculum is not the answer† published in The Age contends in a dubious tone that a â€Å"Canberra-controlled curriculum† does not support independence. A cartoon by Job also responds to the issueRead MoreStudents Come From Different Soc ial And Cultural Backgrounds996 Words   |  4 PagesStudents come from different social and cultural backgrounds. Australia is a diverse, multicultural country with 44% of Australians born overseas or have one parent born overseas, Lawrence, Brooker, Goodnow, (2012, p. 75). In a diverse population students bring to class their â€Å"virtual schoolbags,† (Thomson, 2002), full of different cultures, languages, religious practices, value systems and customs which may alienate them from the dominant culture. Educators must create educational environmentsRead MoreThe National Quality Standard Requirements For Early Childhood Education1196 Words   |  5 Pagesenvironment and and sensory awareness. Moreover, the children has to learn to take responsibilities of their actions therefore, the educators role has expanded as there is a more complex and diverse society. â€Å"In December 2009, all Australian governments, through the Council of Australian Governments (COAG), agreed to a partnership to establish a National Quality Framework for Early Childhood Education and Care (‘National Quality Framework’) for most long day care, preschool/ kindergarten, family day care and

Music and Stress free essay sample

Music has a unique ability to lower levels of anxiety and tension when listened to under the proper conditions. There are many correlations between the types of music listened to and the amount of decreased stress. To explain how some music lowers levels of stress and others dont, one should know how sound is processed through the brain. The auditory system controls how people physiological and behavioral react to sound. Sound moves from the inner ear to the auditory cortex directly. Then sound moves to the temporal lobes where it is consciously perceived. Depending on the type of music will determine the response.As said by Western, The arousal level of the central nervous system depends upon the intensity, complexity, variability, predictability and meaning of sound stimuli. The auditory system responds most to changes in timing of sound stimuli (Western 293). Different rhythms and other musical characteristics will determine how one reacts to the given piece. The auditory system controls how people physiological and behavioral react to sound. Sound moves from the inner ear to the auditory cortex directly. Then sound moves to the temporal lobes where It Is consciously perceived.Depending on the type of music will determine the response. As said by Western, The arousal level of the central nervous system depends upon the intensity, complexity, variability, predictability and meaning of sound stimuli. The auditory system responds most to changes In timing of sound stimuli (Western 293). Different rhythms and other musical characteristics will determine how one reacts to the given piece. When conducting a study Churchmans played three pieces, each picked to represent the emotions of sadness, fear, and happiness for a group of people.As he said The sad excerpt had slow tempos, minor harmonies, and fairly constant ranges of pitch and dynamics. The fear excerpt had rapid tempos, dissonant harmonies, and large variations of dynamics and pitch. The happy excerpts had rapid tempos, danceable rhythms, major harmonies and constant range of pitch and dynamics. (Churchmans 46) His findings concluded that the ratings for the Intended emotions tested, were significantly higher than ratings for unintended ones. The different characteristics such as tempo or key, of the songs determined hat emotion it received. This proves music has an emotional meaning behind it.When Music is properly used it can change the emotions of one. An example of this would be a study done by Elise Lab. She hypothesized that individuals who are exposed to relaxing music or self-selected music would demonstrate lowers levels of anxiety and increase levels of relaxation compared to sitting in silence or heavy metal music after experiencing a stressful test. Self-selected music is given so the Individual gas some control over the experiment As Lab said, Health psychology search Indicates perceived control Is an Important factor In reducing the stress response. (Lab 163). The results of the study supported her hypothesis. She measured heart rate, skin conductance, respiration, and anxiety. The people who listened to relaxing music or self-selected demonstrated changes In four of the five categories. The people who sat In silence demonstrated changes In two of the five categories. The people who listened to heavy metal music demonstrated one change out of the five categories. This agree with Washmans comments, the heavy metal OFF reverse system. More arousal will lead to less relaxation.By listening to soothing music individuals experience a reduction in negative emotions and increase positive emotions. The two reasons uses for music therapy in stress management are anxiety and anxiety-provoking clinical situations, from test taking to medical procedures. Dry. Knoll, a leading researcher in field of music therapy for stress management, has used music to treat many forms of anxiety. When dealing with test anxiety he said Various types of music may reduce physiological symptoms of anxiety and significantly increase exam scores in college students (Wolff 417).He did not measure the arousal of the central nervous system like the other mentioned. Instead he believed in the cognitive response given to him by the subjects. When music is used for patients who are chronically ill or in the intensive care unit there mood improves and comfort increases. When cancer patients were tested they showed positive changes in mood and less physical discomfort. Music has also been found to help with the stresses of pregnancy. A study with adolescents showed a less state of anxiety in the third trimester versus the control.The most interesting find is the use to music during surgery. As Dry. Wolff said, Music has been found to reduce the stress hormone levels during surgery. Also when given anesthesia while listening, music reduces struggling, delirium, and vomiting. (Wolff 420) I cannot explain how these physical side effects were eliminated and have found no further information to prove this theory valid. The most effect way for treat stress using music is through music-based individualized relaxation training. As Dry.Wolff says, the goal is to move the client from respondent procedures to operant procedures so that relaxation skills can be performed independently (Wolff 427). This method is broken down into four levels. The first level is preparing the body for relaxation by lying still with the eyes closed. The second level teaches breath control with instructions given by the therapist through chants. In this level music can be modified to better suit the clients needs. In the third level music is gradually faded out and replaced with voice commands.As we can see the music is acting like a race during the earlier stages. Dry. Wolff describes the goal of this level by saying, Criterion for this level is the achievement of both relaxation skills in response to dermal instruction and an increasingly relaxed physiological state in response to the relaxation procedures (Wolff 428). The final level is applying the relaxation techniques to everyday stresses. This method is complex but facilities the greatest results making it the most sought after. One of the main benefits of using music therapy as a treatment is the lack of negative side effects.Most researchers agree the only negative effect experienced was a lack for the desired response. This can happen more frequently when not using a trained and licensed music therapist. A trained therapist will chose the music depending on patient. Dry. Wolff says, It cannot be assumed that on particular piece or genre of music is universally effective Ninth patients; rather, music can only be selected for therapeutic use following Individuals assessment process with direct input from the client. (Wolff 424) It is possible that music can be used successfully one time and not the other.This appends because the relaxed state of the patient minimizes his or her defense and allows psychological issues to reappear. Unlocking these reactions may help face been used to treat physical and physiological problems even before the middle ages. Ere ability for music to change emotions in one is remarkable and should be looked into more frequently considering the lack of side effects. From college students in Label studies using music to lower stress after taking a test to using music to make cancer patients feel better about a losing struggle, music has positive benefits on the individual.

Account Effective Organizational Performance -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Account Effective Organizational Performance? Answer: Introducation An accountant is the practitioner of accounting which is the process of identification, measurement and communication of economic information relating to the business of a firm to allow the users of information to make informed decisions. Accounting has various branches such as management accounting, financial accounting, cost accounting etc. For all these areas of accounting, accountant performs various roles and functions but the prime role of accountants is to collect, process and provide necessary financial information to the intended users of his services so that correct information is communicated at the correct time to the correct places about the entitys business and its related areas. In order to cope with the rapidly changing business environment, business managers require an adequate source of information that can support their regular decision making. Accounting information system is of those tools that can serve their information needs. It is a system under which entitys accounting information is identified, measured and recorded to be communicated in the form of various reports to the users. AIS provide such accounting information that helps managers at each level in the business to manage their operations and functions in accordance with the overall financial goals and targets of the entity (Salehi, Rostami Mogadam, 2010). Benefits of information technology to AIS: Security: The information technology is used to safeguard the accounting information systems of the organization as such information system contains valuable and significant accounting and financial information relating to the business of user entity. Information technology provides various tools and methods of information security such as biometric devices, password protected systems. Internet: The information technology has introduced the concept of internet that makes the accounting information system innovative as it gets easier to collect and share the useful information within and outside the user entity. Cloud computing: Information technology enables the use of AIS without investing huge cost in acquiring accounting software. They can rather be accessed from the cloud (online platform). There are mainly 6 components of accounting information system: People: Those who operate such accounting software systems in their business. Procedures: It includes both manual and automated procedures of collection, processing and storage of data relating to organizations economic and other activities. Data: About entity and its business activities. Software: It is used to process the data of user organization. Information technology infrastructure: It includes computer and its peripheral devices as well as network communication devices. Internal controls and the security measures: To safeguard data in AIS. AIS can add value to any business organization by improving its decision making process through the provision of necessary information on the right time to the right persons (Roska Bubic, n.d.). It can improve the accuracy of financial results of the company as humans are prone to errors which the use of machines can prevent. Further, it allows the users to take advantage of artificial intelligence and use the knowledge of experts in performing their functions. Use of AIS also promotes speedier processing of accounting information in real time. AIS can enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of value-chain of company by providing the useful information to improve the quality of products and services at the lower costs (Hall, 2012). It can be designed to enable the users to directly access the inventory system as well as the system of sales order entry so that they can undertake more of the work that is traditionally done by selling marketing and administration department. It allows quick orders placing and labour cost cutting and creating more values to the customers to satisfy them by fulfilling their requirements on quick basis (Sajady, Dastgir Nejad, 2008). Reliable: The information must be accurate and verifiable. It must be in consistence with the fact. Relevant: It must be related to the area of users functions and responsibilities and must be capable of influencing his decision making. Concise: It must be sufficient enough hence it must not cover the immaterial facts. Complete: It must contain all the necessary facts that help the managers in problem solving and decision making. Understandable: It must be presented in the format and mode that is easily understood by users. Updated: Information must be available on time whenever required. It must also be up to date. Cost effective: It must be created and communicated at reasonable cost. Accounting information system is the system developed with the use of information technology that aids the managers in making various sound economic decisions for their business by providing them relevant and necessary information AccountingEdu.org, n.d.). It basically performs the task of identification, measurement and recording of the accounting information that can be disseminated to the users in the forms of various accounting and financial reports. It processes significant accounting transactions undertaken by business organization such as sales, purchases and inventory management etc. For example: it records all the data relating to the sales made during a particular year such as amount collected, amount due, name of customers etc. To obtain information from the use of accounting information software involves cost of obtaining as well as maintaining such AIS and information provided by it. These costs involve investments in users training and acquiring of various hardware and software on a regular basis. Therefore the cost of such information is quantifiable to an extent. However, some benefits of using such AIS involve use of various estimates and assumptions. Hence the quantification and measurement of such information depends upon the accuracy and reliability of such assumptions. The usefulness i.e. the relevance of information in decision making will determine its value. Integrated enterprise system is the use of various software and hardware systems of computer in the business to enhance the operational efficiency of the business. These systems help the managers in conducting their business functions more effectively and efficiently. In the current case of Mom and Pop, a small business organization dealing in grocery items, the implementation of integrated enterprise system will support its growth to a great extent. It will help in maintaining the adequate records of significant economic transactions undertaken by the business (Lim, 2013). It would rather be a cost effective decision to implement such system as it will allow the manager to perform more appropriately with the use of accurate information provided by such system (Onaolapo Odetayo, 2012) Storage: The most important function performed by accounting system servers is the storage of relevant data relating to entitys financial activities. Processing: The second vital function of accounting system servers is to accurately record and process the data so as to extract useful accounting and financial information from it for the users. Information supply: Another vital function performed by accounting system servers is to provide necessary information to the users of such systems so that they can undertake effective decision-making in regards to their business. References: Accounting Edu.org, n.d. What are Accounting Information Systems? Available at: https://www.accountingedu.org/accounting-information-systems.html Accessed on 25-01-2018. Hall, J.A., 2012.Accounting information systems. Cengage Learning. Lim, F.C., 2013. Impact of Information Technology on Accounting Systems. Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology, 3(2), pp. 93-106. Onaolapo, A.A. and Odetayo, T.A., 2012. Effect of Accounting Information System on Organisational Effectiveness: A Case Study of Selected Construction Companies in Ibadan, Nigeria.American Journal of Business and Management,1(4), pp.183-189. Roska, V. and Bubic, J., n.d. Accounting Information Systems for Management Decisions: Empirical Research In Croatia (a). Available at : https://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/805635.ACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONSYSTEM.pdf Accessed on 25-01-2018. Sajady, H., Dastgir, M. and Nejad, H.H., 2008. Evaluation of the effectiveness of accounting information systems.International journal of information science and technology,6(2). Salehi, M., Rostami, V. and Mogadam, A., 2010. Usefulness of accounting information system in emerging economy: Empirical evidence of Iran.International Journal of Economics and Finance,2(2), p.186. Soudani, S.N., 2012. The usefulness of an accounting information system for effective organizational performance.International Journal of Economics and Finance,4(5), p.136.

TOK Essay - Natural Science Essays - Ethics, Philosophy,

TOK Essay - Natural Science Science is an accumulation of facts that have been proven right. The natural science is an area of knowledge that studies the physical world such as biology, chemistry, physics. Natural sciences are stationed by observation than reason. To what extent should scientists be held ethical responsible? What are you responsible for? Do you hold a responsibility? Ethical responsibility is when a moral path is being followed which means that and individual is compelled to promote the ethics based on their responsibility. The ethical responsibilities for scientists are formed by society. If it wasn't for society scientists won't do their job of research. Society funds for the research based on the issue. scientists cannot take responsibility for their actions. There is no limitation in science due to the narrow investigation of the unknown world. Research findings are made by the society which lead the scientists to proceed. Personal definition on ethical responsibility is when an individual is involuntary obligated to hold responsibility for an organization. Ethics in science has become important in society. It is unethical to use people to experiment for science as some people may disagree which is why some scientists use animals to test out things as animals are not able to disagree and it is more ethical. Also, we can generalize findings from animals to humans as they could be similar as rats have the same neurons as humans which we could generalize the findings to humans and use that information to understand how neurons work. Science that is unethical leads to a variety of problems even though scientists are continuously finding out new things that would not be found out if they were to do it in an ethical manner. If humans believe that it is unethical to test out their bodies for an experiment, they have the right to disagree which could have problems for the scientist to experiment as they would not be able to investigate using humans and the information for te sting out the animals could be incorrect and not as reliable as it would be to test out humans. It would not be right if scientists become unethical, scientist's jobs are to not tell people what they are discovering because that is their job and that is what they are supposed to be doing. However, sometimes the only way scientists are supposed to find out new things and expand the future's knowledge is by finding out more things that are not already found out and could be unethical to do. They will not be able to find out things if they would constantly enable it to be unethical. One unethical experiment is an experiment of removing brain cells from a live subject. This is a very unethical experiment as it is an invasive surgery with serious risks so it could harm the patient. Although, it is a very beneficial experiment to scientists as it would answer many questions to the public on how the brain works and new things that they would be interested in finding out. Ethics are moral principles that hold responsibility to an individual's behaviors. According to the scientific America they state that "Ethical decision-making involves more than having the right gut-feeling and acting on it." This means that what society decides to what they want to happen from their thoughts happens by making scientist acting up for it being their profession. The impact of ethical decisions come from society based on what they want to happen. The term scientists are a profession, which requires them to research. Although society blames scientists for the negative impacts that has happened, that's not how it's supposed to be because society asked for it. Responsibility is when someone agrees with having power to agree and to deal with something over control. Scientist are basically human beings with the title of a scientist because of their ability to do research for a living. They have the right to accept or avoid responsibility for their actions. Although they hol d a big responsibility for what they do as their profession they shouldn't be blamed for they research that has been funded by society for them to proceed therefore they have to accept

How to Write a Descriptive Essay Topic For College

How to Write a Descriptive Essay Topic For CollegeIf you are trying to decide what descriptive essay topics for college you should focus on, there are many directions you can go. You can use these topics to get a head start on the writing of your own thesis. The first and most obvious thing you can do is to simply read up on these topics so that you are familiar with them.Research is an essential part of every research paper, so do your best to understand as much as you can about the particular field you are writing about. Write about the different topics that you come across in your research, and see if they apply to your topic. In other words, if you find yourself reading a lot about bankers and not as much about composers, you might want to include a bit of both subjects in your topic. Also, make sure that you consider a broad range of fields as a whole.Take some time to talk to people that are involved in certain kinds of business. These are called 'symbolic' topics. When you do this, you can gain a better understanding of the actual research you will need to do. You also may discover how to make your topic more meaningful.Give yourself a good summary of your topic and then try to go over it again until you are satisfied with the end result. Remember to stick to the written word, even when you need to write it out, and do not lose sight of the point that you are trying to make. Also, be sure to check your facts for accuracy.A good way to learn how to write a descriptive essay topics for college is to start with a short story or play. Make it something short and simple so that you can easily write it out. Write one page at a time, and review it when you are done. This way, you can have some idea of how you should structure your paper as well as how you should spell things out.Think about what words are important in your writing and how you will use them. It is important to write from your emotions rather than from a mental standpoint. You can build on the wo rds you have chosen but do not overdo it. Do not try to make up new words, as this will give your paper an incorrect feel to it.Find the tone that you are going for and make sure that it fits with your essay. Remember that the tone you choose will be the first impression that a reader has of your paper. It is very important that you make sure that your readers get exactly what you intend to convey in your essay.Finally, do not be afraid to make a few changes to your descriptive essay topics for college. As long as the tone and content remain consistent, the editors will generally allow these minor changes to stand. Do not be afraid to let things flow naturally.

THe Windover Bog Site, an Archaic Pond Cemetery

THe Windover Bog Site, an Archaic Pond Cemetery Windover Bog (and sometimes known as Windover Pond) was a pond cemetery for hunter-gatherers, people who lived hunting game and gathering vegetable material between about 8120-6990 years ago. The burials were staked down in the soft mud of the pond, and over the years at least 168 people were buried there, men, women, and children. Today that pond is a peat bog, and preservation in peat bogs can be quite astonishing. While the burials at Windover were not as well preserved as those of European  bog bodies, 91 of the individuals buried contained bits of brain matter still intact enough for scientists to retrieve DNA. Perishable Artifacts of Middle Archaic Most interesting, however, is the recovery of 87 samples of weaving, basketry, woodworking and clothing, providing us more information on the perishable artifacts of Middle Archaic people in the American southeast than archaeologists ever dreamed possible. Four kinds of close twining, one kind of open twining, and one type of plaiting can be seen in the mats, bags, and basketry recovered from the site. Clothing woven by the inhabitants of Windover Bog on looms included hoods and burial shrouds, as well as some fitted clothing and many rectangular or squarish clothing articles. While the perishable fiber plaits from Windover Bog are not the oldest found in the Americas, the textiles are the oldest woven materials found to date, and together they broaden our understanding of what the Archaic lifestyle was truly like. DNA and Windover Burials Although scientists believed they had retrieved DNA from the fairly intact brain matter recovered from some of the human burials, subsequent research has shown that the mtDNA lineages reported are absent in all other prehistoric and contemporary Native American populations studied to date. Further attempts to retrieve more DNA have failed, and an amplification study has shown that there is no analyzable DNA left in the Windover burials. In 2011, researchers (Stojanowski et al) studied dental variation characteristics on teeth from Windover Pond (and Buckeye Knoll in Texas) that at least three of the individuals buried there had projections on incisors called talon cusps or an enlarged tuberculum dentale. Talon cusps are a rare trait globally  but are more common in the western hemisphere than elsewhere. Those at Windover Pond and Buckeye Knoll are the oldest found in the Americas to date, and the second oldest in the world (the oldest is Gobero, Niger, at 9,500 cal BP). Sources This article is a part of the About.com Guide to American Archaic Period, and part of the Dictionary of Archaeology. Adovasio JM, Andrews RL, Hyland DC, and Illingworth JS. 2001. Perishable industries from the Windover Bog: An unexpected window into the Florida archaic. North American Archaeologist 22(1):1-90. Kemp BM, Monroe C, and Smith DG. 2006. Repeat silica extraction: a simple technique for the removal of PCR inhibitors from DNA extracts. Journal of Archaeological Science 33(12):1680-1689. Moore CR, and Schmidt CW. 2009. Paleoindian And Early Archaic Organic Technologies: A Review And Analysis. North American Archaeologist 30(1):57-86. Rothschild BM, and Woods RJ. 1993. Possible implications of paleopathology for early archaic migrations: Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease. Journal of Paleopathology 5(1):5-15. Stojanowski CM, Johnson KM, Doran GH, and Ricklis RA. 2011. Talon cusp from two archaic period cemeteries in North America: Implications for comparative evolutionary morphology. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 144(3):411-420. Tomczak PD, and Powell JF. 2003. Postmarital Residence Patterns in the Windover Population: Sex-Based Dental Variation as an Indicator of Patrilocality. American Antiquity 68(1):93-108. Tuross N, Fogel ML, Newsom L, and Doran GH. 1994. Subsistence in the Florida Archaic: The stable-isotope and archaeobotanical evidence from the Windover site. American Antiquity 59(2):288-303.

Definition and examples of Alphabet

Definition and examples of Alphabet An alphabet is made up of the letters of a language, arranged in the order fixed by custom. Adjective: alphabetic. The basic principle of alphabetic writing is to represent a single sound (or phoneme) of a spoken language by a single letter. But as Johanna Drucker notes in The Alphabetic Labyrinth (1995), This phonetic writing system is at best an approximation. The orthography of English, for instance, is notoriously plagued by inconsistencies and peculiarities. The First Alphabet In about 1500 B.C., the worlds first alphabet appeared among the Semites in Canaan. It featured a limited number of abstract symbols (at one point thirty-two, later reduced to twenty-two) out of which most of the sounds of speech could be represented. The Old Testament was written in a version of this alphabet. All the worlds alphabets descend from it. After the Phoenicians (or early Canaanites) brought the Semitic alphabet to Greece, an addition was made that allowed the sounds of speech to be represented less ambiguously: vowels. The oldest surviving example of the Greek alphabet dates from about 750 B.C. This is, via Latin and give or take a few letters or accents, the alphabet in which this book is written. It has never been improved upon. (Mitchell Stephens, The Rise of the Image, the Fall of the Word. Oxford University Press, 1998) The Greek Alphabet [T]he Greek alphabet was the first whose letters recorded every significant sound element in a spoken language in a one-to-one correspondence, give or take a few diphthongs. In ancient Greece, if you knew how to pronounce a word, you knew how to spell it, and you could sound out almost any word you saw, even if youd never heard it before. Children learned to read and write Greek in about three years, somewhat faster than modern children learn English, whose alphabet is more ambiguous. (Caleb Crain, Twilight of the Books. The New Yorker, Dec. 24 31, 2007)The Greek alphabet ... is a piece of explosive technology, revolutionary in its effects on human culture, in a way not precisely shared by any other invention. (Eric Havelock, The Literate Revolution in Greece and Its Cultural Consequences. Princeton University Press, 1981) While the alphabet is phonetic in nature, this is not true of all other written languages. Writing systems ... may also be logographic, in which case the written sign represents a single word, or ideographic, in which ideas or concepts are represented directly in the form of glyphs or characters. (Johanna Drucker, The Alphabetic Labyrinth. Thames, 1995) Two Alphabets English has had two different alphabets. Prior to the Christianization of England, the little writing that was done in English was in an alphabet called the futhore or runic alphabet. The futhore was originally developed by Germanic tribes on the Continent and probably was based on Etruscan or early Italic versions of the Greek alphabet. Its association with magic is suggested by its name, the runic alphabet, and the term used to designate a character or letter, rune. In Old English, the word run meant not only runic character, but also mystery, secret.As a by-product of the Christianization of England in the sixth and seventh centuries, the English received the Latin alphabet. (C.M. Millward, A Biography of the English Language, 2nd ed. Harcourt Brace, 1996) The Dual Alphabet The dual alphabetthe combination of capital letters and small letters in a single systemis first found in a form of writing named after Emperor Charlemagne (742-814), Carolingian minuscule. It was widely acclaimed for its clarity and attractiveness, and exercised great influence on subsequent handwriting styles throughout Europe. (David Crystal, How Language Works. Overlook, 2005) The Alphabet in an Early English Dictionary If thou be desirous (gentle Reader) rightly and readily to understand, and to profit by this Table, and such like, then thou must learne the Alphabet, to wit, the order of the Letters as they stand, perfectly without book, and where every Letter standeth: as b near the beginning, n about the middest, and t toward the end. (Robert Cawdrey, A Table Alphabetical, 1604) The Lighter Side of the Alphabet Educational television ... can only lead to unreasonable disappointment when your child discovers that the letters of the alphabet do not leap up out of books and dance around with royal-blue chickens. (Fran Lebowitz) Writers spend three years rearranging 26 letters of the alphabet. Its enough to make you lose your mind day by day. (attributed to Richard Price)Dr. Bob Niedorf: Name as many mammals as you can in 60 seconds. Ready? Go.George Malley: Hmm. 60 seconds. Well, how would you like that? How about alphabetical? Aardvark, baboon, caribou, dolphin, eohippus, fox, gorilla, hyena, ibex, jackal, kangaroo, lion, marmoset, Newfoundland, ocelot, panda, rat, sloth, tiger, unicorn, varmint, whale, yak, zebra. Now varmint is a stretch; so is Newfoundland (thats a dog breed); unicorn is mythical; eohippus is prehistoric. But you werent being very specific, now, were you, Bob?Dr. Bob Niedorf: Well! Ahh, Ill, uhIll try to be more specific.(Brent Spiner and John Travolta, Phenomenon, 1996) EtymologyFrom the Greek,  alpha  Ã‚  beta Pronunciation: AL-fa-BET

Economic Policy and the Environment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Economic Policy and the Environment - Assignment Example To curb, environmental externalities, many laws have been enacted to remedy or deter environmental pollution. One of these laws is the A Pigovian tax. This is a tax that is applied to someone who is causing negative externalities in the environment. The tax law is intended to correct inefficiencies resulting from market activities. It operates by setting equal the social costs of the negative externalities resulting from economic production. In a normal economic production, the presence of negative externalities is not compensated for by the benefit accruing from the production processes (Burrows, 2009). This makes the market inefficient and may lead to overconsumption of the product. Besides, this may result in an equal distribution of resources in the society as the producer benefit to the detrimental of the environment. Through applying such taxes, negative externalities would be reduced to have an equal distribution of benefits resulting from the resources. This reduces cases of environmental pollution which has resulted in extreme catastrophic environmental destruction. This law was instituted by an economist Arthur Pigou in collaboration of William Baumol. Since its inception, the tax law has proven efficient in reducing environmental externalities (Sandmo,

Terrorist Attacks of Al Qaeda and Hamas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Terrorist Attacks of Al Qaeda and Hamas - Essay Example There will be clear comprehension as to what drives these groups, and since both of them are Middle Eastern in origin the research will point out that religion and culture are the two main ideologies that drive them to terrorist activities. The conclusion shows that since these people that partake in terrorist activities within these groups have adapted to this way of life there is no real way to change their mind sets and therefore it is an adverse sociological issue that will continue for years to come. Hamas and Al Qaeda view the justification for terrorism as stemming from their origin and the use of Jihad and conflict to resolve disputes. Nevertheless, other countries view the idea of conflict as being something irresolvable, despite how complex or trivial it might be if terrorist activities are the strategies being utilized to minimize it (Farah 2003). Nevertheless, in much of the Middle Eastern land it is moral in Islamic religion to use the strategy of suicide bombing or mass killing of people to gain control and understanding of other people. As for non Muslims, there is no motive for terrorism that is justified. Problems can be resolved between people or nations through negotiation. In the process of negotiation, no party should aim to be a winner; otherwise, the aim of the negotiation will be defeated. There is no motive or morality in terrorizing people for whatever reason, in the minds of non Muslims, in order to simply gain their approval. However, this is where Hamas and Al Qaeda groups differ from other groups in the Middle East. A good example of what instigates violence and terrorist activity in these groups' minds is with issues such as the widely reported Danish cartoon of the Prophet Mohammed, which caused immense damage to people and properties around the world as the Muslims used the opportunity to attack non Muslim interest throughout the globe following this occurrence. Obviously they took it to the extreme left wing as even with, the burning of churches and killing of innocent people, it did not make things right. Therefore, despite the outcome that presents itself, many Muslims see the act of terrorism as a fight for a just cause in defense of their religion and Prophet Mohammed. This is the main ideology that drives both of these terrorist groups. The terrorism that is taking place between Israel and Palestine (Hamas Group) is in much part due to the terrorist government group that is utilizing suicide bombers even during negotiations of peace (Melgreen 2006). Israel is willing to embrace peace and ready to negotiate to reach peaceful agreement. This is reflected in the statement by Farah (2003), "This country is in a fight for its life against the forces of darkness in this world. We can prevail only with consistency, fortitude and by doing what is right." Israel and Palestine can only reach an agreement through peaceful means. The use of suicide bombers in the negotiation process will only prolong the peace process because Israel will not want to concede to terrorist regime and Israel would want to protect its own people against terrorism. The new regime in the

Understanding The Moon is Down :: Moon is Down Essays

War affects everyone involved - the conquerors and those being conquered. War is a struggle that is internal and external. Man can be a dedicated and loyal soldier for only so much at a time. He then longs for laughter, music, girls, a good meal and more. In The Moon is Down, the soldiers feel the need to return home. They begin to doubt what they are doing and if they are being told the truth. They become uneasy when the enemy doesn't talk to them. The townspeople's hatred is growing. They remained indoors and stared from behind curtains while the patrol walked through the town. Lieutenant Tonder was a romantic naive poet who felt the enemy should love him. Steinbeck presented Tonder as "a bitter poet who dreamed of perfect, ideal love of elevated young men for poor girls" (25). When Lieutenant Tonder first arrived in town he thought that it was a nice country with nice people. Tonder says, "There are some beautiful farms here. If four or five of them were thrown together, it would be a nice place to settle, I think" (34). The war was not ending as quickly as Tonder expected. The townspeople had become the silent enemies of the soldiers or the townspeople became silent waiting for revenge. "Now it was the conqueror was surrounded, the men of the battalion alone among silent enemies, and no man might relax his guard for even a moment" (65). The soldiers now have only each other to talk to and Tonder longed to go home. "The men of the battalion came to detest the place they had conquered,...and gradually a little fear began to grow in the conquerors, a fear that it would never be over" (65-66). In war, as time goes on fear begins to settle on soldiers. "Thus it came about that the conquerors grew afraid of the conquered and their nerves wore thin and they shot at shadows in the night" (66-67). Tonder starts to doubt the honesty of his fellow Germans Tonder says, "If anything happened- at home, I mean - do you think they would let us know...well, I would like to get out of this god-forsaken hole!" (70-71). Tonder felt at first that this town had nice, pleasant people but as time moved on, he changed his views. "These people! These horrible people! These cold people! They never look at you.

How To Build Suspense and Scare the Audience Essay

The film Jaws, directed by Steven Spielberg, was created approximately 30 years ago. It tells the story of a shark which attacks and kills numerous people off the north-east coast of the USA in a small holiday resort called Amity Island. The attacks took place around the 4th of July, which in America, is similar to the British bank holiday. During this time, many Americans and tourists from abroad visit resorts such as Amity Island for a summer vacation. The director of the film, Steven Spielberg builds up fear of the shark using many different techniques. One of these techniques is the use of music. Spielberg uses a non-diegetic piece of music which plays whenever the shark is about to attack, almost like the shark’s very own theme tune. A non-diegetic sound is one which can only be heard by the audience and not by any of the characters in the film. Spielberg uses this particular technique just before the shark attacks Alex, the young boy who is swimming on his lilo. This technique makes the audience fear the shark, as whenever it’s played we expect another gruesome attack which adds a lot of tension to the film. Another technique used to increase our fear of the shark is showing the tremendous damage that it can cause. For example, towards the end of the film, whilst Brody, Hooper and Quint are out at sea attempting to catch the shark, it attacks their boat, resulting in the boat eventually sinking. Spielberg uses this method to give the audience the impression of the shark’s power and to suggest to them that the shark is indestructible, and that it will continue to kill innocent victims. A third technique with which Spielberg builds fear of the shark is the way in which he uses camera angles to show the sheer horror on the characters faces as they witness the attacks unfolding. For example, when Alex, the young boy is attacked, Spielberg uses a zoom, showing a close up of Brody’s face which is overwhelmed by horror and huge panic. By using this technique, Spielberg really gets the point across, from the characters’ perspective, of how terrifying the whole situation really is, which builds even more fear and tension for the audience. The choice and use of the music in the film Jaws also adds to the overall fear and tension experienced by the audience. For example, the music which is played just before the attack was chosen by Spielberg as it can be linked with the shark itself: the music starts quietly with a slow tempo as the shark swims around peacefully. Then, as the shark identifies its prey, the music begins to get both faster and louder. Then it begins to swim faster and close in on its victim, and as this happens, the music is gradually getting faster and louder. Then the shark bites, and the music explodes. Spielberg’s choice of music adds massively to the overall fear and tension in the film, because as soon as the music begins playing, the audience knows that an attack is imminent, they just sit there waiting anxiously. Then, the music explodes, coinciding with the attack, giving the audience a shock. Another way in which Spielberg uses the soundtrack to build tension and fear in the film is thro ugh contrasts of emotion. For example, at the start of the film before any of the attacks, a piece of diegetic music is played. This music creates a relaxed atmosphere so when the audience witness the first attack, it seems to come from nowhere, catching them by surprise. Another example of this is after the first attack on Chrissie, there is silence, and all that the audience can hear is the quiet ripple of the waves as they reach the shore. This makes the audience feel that everything is peaceful and calm, when in fact; they’ve just witnessed a terrifying shark attack. Another technique to provoke contrasting emotions is that of the music used just after Alex is attacked and killed by the shark. As Alex is attacked, everyone on the beach panics and rushes to get out of the water. At the same time, a young toddler is happily playing in the sand and quietly singing to himself. Again, as after the first attack on Chrissie, the audience can’t believe how something so terrible is happening when the mood set by the little boy is so calm and untroubled. This use of music and contrasting emotions builds up tension and fear affecting the audience as it makes them feel confused, as they can’t understand how things can be so pleasant then suddenly so devastating. Spielberg also exploits various camera techniques to build up fear and suspense in the film Jaws. For example, during the second attack on Alex, a lot of different camera techniques and angles are being used. The start of the scene is a tracking shot, showing Alex coming out of the sea and sitting next to his mother on the beach. After some persuasion, his mother lets him have just 10 more minutes in the water. Then a further tracking shot is used, as we follow Alex up the beach as he goes and gets his lilo. The use of this camera angle, which focuses the audience’s attention on Alex, immediately makes them feel more attached to the character. The next part of the scene shows Alex running into the sea on his lilo. The camera technique used for this part is a mediu m shot from a reverse angle, showing him from behind. This camera angle builds up fear as all the audience can see is Alex on his lilo and the bearing sea in front of him with no-one else in sight. This immediately makes the audience realise that Alex is vulnerable and that if something was to go wrong, help was a long way away. The scene then switches to a point of view shot from Brody, the police chief’s perspective. During this scene, a member of the public is talking to Brody, obscuring his and the audience’s view of the water. As Brody desperately tries to keep his eye on the water, the audience notice a young woman relaxing in the water. Then suddenly, she begins to scream and struggle and the audience automatically assumes she is being attacked by the shark, although it turns out that it was just her boyfriend playing around. This camera technique builds up fear as the audience realise that Brody is unable to help if an attack does take place. The next part of the scene involves a group of boys running into the water. The camera technique used for this part is a medium shot from a reverse angle. This camera angle shows the boys all alone in the sea, making the audience realise that they are, like Alex, vulnerable. It also makes us fear for their safety as the audience have just witnessed a false alarm with the young woman, and the potential of a real attack happening is fresh in our minds. Suddenly the shot changes once more to a point of view from the shark’s perspective. This shot shows the boy’s legs dangling under the water as well as Alex’s lilo on the surface. Spielberg’s choice of camera technique for this particular part builds up a lot of tension as the audience knows that an attack is coming, and that it’s almost as if we are just waiting for which boy the shark wants as its prey. Also adding to the tension in this scene is the fact that although the audience know about an attack being imminent, the eventual victim Alex doesn’t. This keeps them o n the edge of their seats as they are left almost shouting at the television screen for Alex to get out of the water! The attack the audience suspect is then confirmed as the shark’s non-diegetic theme tune begins playing and as this happens, the audience see the shark close in on its chosen victim. Immediately, the camera changes to a long shot. In the distance, the audience see the shark grab hold of Alex and hurl him into the air. As this happens, blood begins to spray from his body as he struggles desperately. Spielberg’s choice of camera for this scene makes the audience scared, as they see the whole attack unfolding, as well as for the first time, getting a look at the shark itself and discovering how big and vicious it really is. Instantly, the camera changes again, this time to a technique called a close up. The shot shows Alex under the water, desperately trying to free himself from the shark’s jaws before suddenly; he disappears in a thick cloud of his own blood. This scares the audience purely because of how gruesome it is. Once again, the camera angle changes to a medium shot, showing Alex’s mangled lilo calmly wash up shore in the slightly bloody water. The way in which the camera shows the lilo gently drift up shore, makes the audience feel sor ry and upset for Alex, as they feel they have made a connection with him in earlier parts of the film. The audience also have contrasting emotions, as they wonder how something so gruesome and devastating could have just happened when seconds later; everything was so calm and peaceful. Spielberg also tries to scare the audience by creating a lot of tension in the overall plot and particularly in the ending of the film. For example, he tries to create fear and suspense in the film by showing the first two attacks on both Chrissie and Alex close together at the start of the film. By situating them at the beginning of the film, the audience quickly realise that the first attack wasn’t a one off, and that the shark is almost like a serial killer. Another example of this technique of building tension and fear affecting the audience is the way in which Spielberg decides to add the third attack mid-way through the film, on the 4th of July with police chief Brody’s son involved. By showing the third attack mid-way through the film, the audience feel as if they have got to know t he main character, police chief Brody. So when the audience see the shark closing in on his son Mikey, they care more for his safety as they feel as if they have a connection with the family. By situating the third attack on the 4th of July, the audience see thousands of people flocking the beach at Amity Island, after Brody had desperately attempted to stop them from visiting because of the potential danger in the water. So when the third attack happens the audience are scared and shocked, as they realise that if only the Mayor hadn’t been so greedy for money and had Brody got his way, a third attack wouldn’t have occurred and Brody’s own son wouldn’t have been in danger. The last section of the film is really when Spielberg creates a lot of fear and suspense affecting the audience. One example in which Spielberg creates fear and tension in the film is when the shark attacks the boat whilst the three men, Brody, Hooper and Quint are out at sea. The scene involves the camera using a zoom technique and showing a close up of the wooden hull of the ship. As the shark attacks the boat, it endlessly pounds its head into the side of the ship and the audience can hear the wood beginning to creak under the strain as they watch it flex and bend. This scene builds a lot of tension because the audience think that any second; the shark is going to force a gaping hole in the side of the boat causing it to sink, which as a result would endanger the lives of the three men, who over the course of the film, the audience have bonded to. Another area of the film ending which contained a lot of fear and suspense was when after the damage to the boat had been repaired, Hooper, the shark expert, went down in the cage in an attempt to tranquillise the shark. During this scene of Hooper in the cage, the shark comes into view from nowhere and repeatedly crashes into the cage before eventually getting into it. This part of the film is full of tension because after every time the shark crashes into the cage, the more the metal frame begins to crumble. Then the audience see the shark close up, which scares them as they can see for themselves how fierce it really is. Immediately after, the audience see a shot of Hooper as he comes face to face with the shark for the first time, and his expression is ridden with horror. This reaction of his reflects on the audience as they then realise what it would feel like if they were within touching distance of the man-eating beast. But in my opinion, one of the scenes at the end of film has far more tension and fear than any of the others. This is the scene where Brody is alone in the sea after Quint has been eaten by the shark, and Hooper is under the water trying to hide from it. Brody is leaning on the mast of the sinking ship with a rifle in his hand when we see the shark gradually closing in on him. Brody shoots at the shark, but it continues to head straight for him, so he fires the gun again. Nothing happens, and by now the shark is just 10 metres away and Brody is down to his last bullet. He aims and fires, directly hitting the oxygen cylinder in the shark’s mouth. The tank explodes, blowing the shark into pieces. This part of the film is full of tension in the way that the shark is relentless and keeps gradually getting ever closer to Brody, who by now the audience feel connected to, and they begin to fear for his life. Also, the way in which Brody kills the shark with his last bullet keeps the audience on the edge of their seats. This scene is scary because of how unbelievably gory the shark’s death is. The audience see the shark blown up into shredded chunks of flesh as blood spurts everywhere. My scariest moment in the film is the death of Quint, the shark catcher. I think it’s full of the most fear because of how gruesome, gory and full of tension it is. The scene is full of suspense when Quint loses his grip on Brody, and agonisingly slides down the deck of the boat, straight into the jaws of the shark. Then it gets gruesome, because as the shark plunges its teeth into Quint’s chest, blood begins spewing from his mouth. Then the shark begins violently tossing him from side to side as Quint screams desperately before the audience here a loud crack. Immediately his body stops struggling and the shark calmly drags it under the surface of the water. Overall, in my opinion Steven Spielberg has successfully created a film in which the audience experience a lot of fear and suspense. He has effectively used many different techniques to do so, and as a result, more than 30 years on, Jaws is still recognised as one of the best horror films ever made.