Comarch Business Model

The customers in this group are: Heinlein, Scrabbles, Renault, Naive, Coca-cola, Red Bull and more. Government: This unit provides a wide variety of solutions to different kind of customers from the Public Sector. The list of customers includes: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland, The National Bank of Poland, Albanian State Police and more. ERP: The unit is dedicated to developing and implementing intuitive software solutions to help Seems optimize their business processes.Companies that use Compare's ERP systems are: Coca-cola, Neonate, Yves Richer, T- Comanche AS develops and delivers products and services specifically targeted at their groups of customers. Telecommunications: The products developed for electrification aim at increase the revenue of the companies and build strong relations with customers' clients and business partners. This portfolio of products is vast and goes from Customer, Revenue and Product Management to Application Integration Infrastr ucture.The main products developed for this sector are: Comanche Corporate Self Care: provides online ordering, data management and reporting for corporate customers; Comanche Central Product Management: simplifies IT architecture and speeds up new product launches by providing a single place for managing the product catalogue and product lifestyle. Comanche Service Quality Management: it gathers network, application and service statistics, aggregates it and presents it against service models.Finance: The products in the finance sector are evolving every year in order to accommodate the needs of the customers. Some of the products created are: Comanche credit process management: it is a system that supports transaction processing as well as the application approval, security valuation, customer risk assessment and credit approval. Comanche mobile insurance advisor: it covers the whole sales process – from identification of the customer and needs analysis through emulations an d quotations, investment advisory, to generation and signing of the proposal.Services: This specific set of products provides advanced IT solutions in order to boost a company's performance. The list of products comprises the following software and solutions: Comanche Enterprise Marketing Management: it provides customer-oriented companies with the ability to plan, execute and track cross- channel campaigns and to build attractive loyalty programs to engage customers by delivering highly relevant offers that encourage them to buy more and more.Comanche SEA: it offers IT solutions for the management of sales support and the work f sales representatives, integration solutions and services to communicate with business partners, as well as on-line Web applications for managing sales and trade marketing and business communication with contractors. Government: in this area Comanche specializes in the design, implementation and integration of advanced IT solutions for state administration offices, local government and the utilities supply market.Some of the software developed are: Comanche Gerri: this is a modern Polish ERP system for organization management which is adapted to the needs and requirements of public administration. It offers budgetary reporting facilities including budgetary accounting forms in printable or electronic versions. Public Electronic Service Platform: it is a portal solution aimed at public administration, local government, and fully and partly nationalized companies.The solution aims to ease procedures for clients of government agencies by making a wide range of Internet solutions available to them so that they can conduct their affairs without having to go in person to the offices concerned. ERP: this area of development of products is the flagship of Comanche. The software ND scalable to the unique needs of each company and industry. The signature software is called Comanche ALEUT. Comanche ALEUT: is a state-of-the-art management softwar e system which represents the end result of seventeen years of experience developing some of the most innovative IT solutions available worldwide.The software is designed to save the time of customers, reduce their costs, enable a streamline communication between departments, and to arm them with easy- to-use- reports for successful decision-making. The value proposition of the company and the features that make Comanche AS be unique in the market are various. They focus on the customer satisfaction and excellence in the products and services delivered. Comanche,in order to satisfy the requests of their clients, implements projects within the defined budget and schedule.The Polish company, with almost 20 years of industry experience, is able to understand the business and technological needs of their customers developing the best solutions for them. One of the key features of the products is the faster implementation and easier integration, reducing the risk level of each project. T he solutions developed are easily configurable and will develop along with the client's business. The adaptation of the products to the customers' needs makes Comanche be a reliable long-term partner.

Professionalism in the Army Essay

Professionals in the United States Army stand apart from others engaged in particular careers in the civilian world. While many vocations contain some of the characteristics of professional, a lot of careers do not include all of the elements necessary to distinguish themselves as being as close to a professional as a United States soldier. Professionalism grows depending on the time and service they have in the Army. A professional has specialized knowledge and skill which can only be acquired through prolonged education and experience. Such skill and experience form the basis of objective standards of professional competence that separate the practicing professional from their peers and measure the competence of such professional. This professional knowledge must also be intellectual in nature. The second characteristic of professionalism is responsibility. General responsibility creates the moral responsibility of soldiers and helps us understand the set of values which guide us. In addition, however, soldiers must also possess the values of other human beings and question service to a society which does not respect these values. These values include justice, common courtesy, human dignity and humbleness. A government which does not respect these values is illegitimate and cannot be said to serve the society it directs. In the case of United States Army soldiers, the values of the United States must be examined in the context of the military profession. The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution provide clear statements of these values and Ethics. Ethics are standards by which one should act based on values. Values are core beliefs such as duty, honor, and integrity that motivate attitudes and actions. Not all values are ethical values (integrity is; happiness is not). Ethical values relate to what is right and wrong and thus take precedence over nonethical values when making ethical decisions. Honesty. Being truthful, straightforward, and candid are aspects of honesty. Truthfulness is required. Deceptions are usually easily uncovered. Lies erode credibility and undermine public confidence. Untruths told for seemingly altruistic reasons (to prevent hurt feelings, to promote good will, etc.) are nonetheless resented by the recipients. Straightforwardness adds frankness to truthfulness and is usually necessary to promote public confidence and to ensure effective, efficient conduct of operations. Truths presented in such a way as to lead recipients to confusion, misinterpretation, or inaccurate conclusions are not productive. Such indirect deceptions can promote ill-will and erode openness, especially when there is an expectation of frankness. Candor is the forthright offering of unrequested information. It is necessary according to the gravity of the situation and the nature of the relationships. Candor is required when a reasonable person would feel betrayed if the information were withheld. In some circumstances, silence is dishonest; yet in other circumstances, disclosing information would be wrong and perhaps unlawful. Integrity. Being faithful to one’s convictions is part of integrity. Following principles, acting with honor, maintaining independent judgment, and performing duties with impartiality help to maintain integrity and avoid conflicts of interest and hypocrisy. Loyalty. Fidelity, faithfulness, allegiance, and devotion are all synonyms for loyalty. Loyalty is the bond that holds the nation and the Federal Government together and the balm against dissension and conflict. It is not blind obedience or unquestioning acceptance of the status quo. Loyalty requires careful balancing among various interests, values, and institutions in the interest of harmony and cohesion. Accountability. Soldiers are required to accept responsibility for their decisions and the resulting consequences. This includes avoiding even the appearance of impropriety. Accountability promotes careful, well-thought-out decisionmaking and limits thoughtless action. Fairness. Open-mindedness and impartiality are important aspects of fairness. Soldiers must be committed to justice in the performance of their official duties. Decisions must not be arbitrary, capricious, or biased. Individuals must be treated equally and with tolerance. Caring. Compassion is an essential element of good government. Courtesy and kindness, both to those we serve and to those we work with, help to ensure individuals are not treated solely as a means to an end. Caring for others is the counterbalance against the temptation to pursue the mission at any cost. Respect. To treat people with dignity, to honor privacy, and to allow self-determination are critical in a government of diverse people. Lack of respect leads to a breakdown of loyalty and honesty within a government and brings chaos to the international community. Promisekeeping. No government can function for long if its commitments are not kept. Soldiers are obligated to keep their promises in order to promote trust and cooperation. Because of the importance of promisekeeping, leaders must only make commitments within their authority. Professionalism is a subject that is near and dear to my heart. Professionalism is important for all of us who are part of the military institution in both active and Reserve components. It is important for all of us who love and respect the Army. We live in a time of change for the Army, and, as in all institutions during times of change and change in leadership, we need to emphasize leadership and return to the core values that are the foundation of our system. With the example of carelessness and other lapses in our leadership in the Army, it is important for us to go back and reexamine ourselves. It is vital for everyone who wears the Army uniform, to have consideration for others(superiors, peers and subourdinates) and for Army values. We must constantly remind ourselves of that. We all know what Army values are-the timeless values of loyalty, duty, respect, honor, selfless service, integrity, and personal courage-pronounced as leadership. Those are the values that have carried us as an institution over the years and have kept us professional at all times. Rarely does anyone talk about the next step or higher plain. I will give my perception of what I define as professionalism. In reading a number of quotes about the military calling, the one I like best is that of John F. Kennedy speaking to the graduating class of the Naval Academy in Annapolis, â€Å"What you have chosen to do for your country is the greatest contribution a man can make.† While professionalism is the basis of military service, it consists of many parts. One part is overcoming challenges. There will be many challenges over the next decades. In order to be successful, this nation needs soldiers with a level of skills, talents, drive and professionalism that we have not really experienced before, except in wartime. We must attain that degree of professionalism in the peacetime environment. Our leaders must be creative, innovative and exploit any opportunity to ensure the effective contribution of the Army to our military strategy and to national security. Professionalism was always leadership. The message is all to clear. The Army is not a place where anyone can afford to drift along. We need to study leadership in our duties and professional education. The practice of leadership must be constant. Clearly, the scope of professionalism has changed. The idea that we can be professionals at another time, and not be professionals all the time, has changed also. Today, professionalism is a shared approach. Reservists must be as professional as the active components that they support and the actives they sometimes replace. We must avoid the shortcuts in our units that create our own problems, for example, when we try to promote specialists to sergeants without a thorough grasp on whether or not they’re ready to be a leader, or abuse their power against good soldiers, or turn our heads and choose quantity over quality. Without the attention to professionalism, we lose the edge we have. Professionalism is mentoring, passing on the example and the values of professionalism. As leaders we all have a responsibility to pass on the torch and to mentor our subordinates. For the good of all our soldiers, my challenge to all of us is to monitor and encourage professionalism and inject that Army professionalism into the joint arena. Professionalism is being ready. If I may quote a line in the soldier’s creed, â€Å"I stand ready to deploy, engage and destory the enemies of the united states of america in close combat..† Our relevance to the mission of the modern Army is measured in what we can provide and accomplish today and not what we can provide at some time in the future to meet some vague threat. Integral to the concept of professionalism is a common vision to provide trained and ready soldiers and units to America’s Army. That vision rests on the pillars of readiness, recruiting, retention, resources and community relations. Professionalism also calls for physical and mental readiness. The missions that our government calls on us to perform today demand no less than physical and mental preparedness. That is why we have a physicaly training test every six months. We are above the standard. Professionalism is also taking care of one’s own. We recruit soldiers: retain families. We need to make soldiers feel that they are a part of something very important and that they have a sense of camaraderie which comes from the confidence that they belong to an organization that is well run and which is doing  meaningful and interesting things. Meeting the challenge of developing esprit de corps in soldiers and addressing the needs of the military families are fundamental to passing professionalism on to our soldiers. Finally, professionalism means supporting the profession. You do that by supporting the organizations and associations that support the profession. If there is one message I would like to have you carry from this essay, it is that there is no greater supporter of professionalism than I. I do not need to remind you that the new leadership of the Army are all team players and we are here today to play the ballgame. We are here until the game is over. I invite you to join me in the coming years to increase the professionalism of our force. A professional learns every aspect of the job. An amateur skips the learning process whenever possible. A professional carefully discovers what is needed and wanted. An amateur assumes what others need and want. A professional looks, speaks and dresses like a professional. An amateur is sloppy in appearance and speech. A professional keeps his or her work area clean and orderly. An amateur has a messy, confused or dirty work area. A professional is focused and clear-headed. An amateur is confused and distracted. A professional does not let mistakes slide by. An amateur ignores or hides mistakes. A professional jumps into difficult assignments. An amateur tries to get out of difficult work. A professional completes projects as soon as possible. An amateur is surrounded by unfinished work piled on top of unfinished work. A professional remains level-headed and optimistic. An amateur gets upset and assumes the worst. A professional handles money and accounts very carefully. An amateur is sloppy with money or accounts. A professional faces up to other people’s upsets and problems. An amateur avoids others’ problems. A professional uses higher emotional tones: Enthusiasm, cheerfulness, interest, contentment. An amateur uses lower emotional tones: anger, hostility, resentment, fear, victim. A professional persists until the objective is achieved. An amateur gives up at the first opportunity. A professional produces more than expected. An amateur produces just enough to get by. A professional produces a high-quality product or service. An amateur produces a medium-to-low quality product or service. A professional has a promising future. An amateur has an uncertain future.

Empirical Formula of Magnesium Oxide Lab Report

Empirical Formula of Magnesium Oxide - Lab Report Example Gravimetric analysis the use of mass measurement to determine the amount of the analyte.   Magnesium is a highly reactive metal, which is why it should be solid (Erdey, et al., 2013). It is paramount to limit the amount of oxygen to reduce the rate of reaction (Zumdahl & DeCoste, 2013). The use of magnesium strips ensures the whole surface of the metal is exposed to oxygen. A gravimetric analysis demands a step by step of measurement of mass before and after the reaction. The magnesium is weighed before the reaction and the final product after the reaction is also weighed. The weighing helps in determining the exact mass of oxygen that combines with Magnesium in the reaction.   Since both Magnesium (Mg2+) and Oxygen (O2-) have a valency of 2 the reaction will go as follows.Magnesium will react with Oxygen in 1:1 ratio. The resulting product should be white (Zumdahl & DeCoste, 2013).   Also, Magnesium will react with Nitrogen to produce a black substance. It is because Magnesium is a highly reactive metal. Health and Safety Tips:†¢Ã‚  Magnesium is highly flammable, which means it can easily burst into flames. Therefore, it is imperative to keep one’s eye very far from the crucible during the experiment.   In addition, Magnesium has a blinding glare when it burns, which is very harmful to the eyes. The ignition of the Magnesium can be prevented by closing the lid. †¢Ã‚  The Bunsen burner will produce so much heat during the experiment. One should keep a considerably safe distance from the Bunsen burner.

Illegal immigration and its impact on the economy Essay

Illegal immigration and its impact on the economy - Essay Example It has become a matter of debate and study as it relates considerably to the nation’s politics as well as economy. At the centre of this debate is the question of whether illegal immigrants are good or bad to the economy of the United States (Dudley 18). Various studies have shown that a great number of the United States’ citizens hold the opinion that illegal immigrants are bad for the nation’s economy. However, there are those who believe that these illegal immigrants are good for the economy. Several surveys show that there is a consensus among many economists that both legal as well as illegal immigration is good for the economy seeing that it provides cheap labor; it gives net boost to the economy; it reduces the cost of goods and services; in addition to widening the market for goods and services (Kenney 23). This paper will discuss illegal immigration and its impact on the economy. There has been divided public opinion regarding the impact of illegal immig rants on the United States economy. There are those who believe that illegal immigrants are good for the economy and there are those who believe that they are bad for the economy. ... refore be deduced that the debate on the impact of illegal immigrants revolves around the way in which they expand the national economy and how they, on the other hand, cost the government and increase public expenditures (Dudley 20). In general, illegal immigrants are defined as all individuals who are foreign-born and are non-American citizens and who are not the legal residents of the nation. Illegal immigrants are those individuals who are either admitted temporarily into the country and stay beyond the required duration or those who enter without inspection (West 427). As earlier mentioned, illegal immigration has been a matter of debate and study for a long time across the world and especially in the United States, which records the highest number of illegal immigrants. This subject has attracted a lot of attention because of the great impacts it has on the economy, politics, as well as the social aspects of any given society (Dudley 25). Illegal immigration has had considerabl e impacts on the economy of the United States. Throughout the history of the United States, illegal workers have played a very crucial role in the economy. While economists agree that there are many economic benefits associated with illegal immigration, they also agree that illegal immigration has many burdens to the economy (Nadadur 1037). This has caused division among policy makers on whether illegal immigration laws should be enforced and illegal immigrants punished or whether illegal immigrants should be given amnesty. Numerous studies on the impact of illegal immigration on the economy have found out that there are evident benefits of illegal immigration on the economy. One of the reasons attributed to this proposition is that illegal immigration supplies labor to industries at a

GERMANY EXERCISE Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

GERMANY EXERCISE - Term Paper Example subsequent victory at Sedan on 2 September last year is a true case study that our survival depends on our ability to unite as German speaking people and proclaim German unity. The history of the national movement in the German speaking lands dates back to the periods of Napoleonic wars when romantic nationalism and pan Germanism began to rise. For example, the advocacy of building a German nation as a political force was particularly started as a response to the constant invasion of German territories by the French under Napoleon. However, many of the past attempts to create a federation among German states based on common nationhood have always faced numerous difficulties some of which include hostilities and tension between Prussia and the other German speaking lands as well as the Catholic-Protestant divide just to name a few. The original philosophy of the German nationalist movements has always been premised on the principles of collective self determination of the German speaking people, and the need for territorial unification to achieve these ends. According to early German philosophers such as Johann Gottfried Herder, who first developed the concept of German nationalism particularly argued that ethno-linguistic nations are the only legitimate nations. Throughout the history, the definition of being German has always presented numerous difficulties. This is particularly owing to the linguistic diversity in the German speaking lands with the main German dialects currently being Bavarian, Swabian, Cologne and Saxon. In this regard, despite our common history as German speaking peoples, the us of terms like â€Å"Sprachnation†-people united by a common language, or â€Å"Kulturnation†-a people united by a singular culture can not properly define what a German is. In my humble opinion, I would define German a unique people with a rich tied history dating back to the Middle Ages. From Prussia to Baden to Wà ¼rttemberg and to Bavaria, We the Deutsche are one

Characters in Glass Menagerie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Characters in Glass Menagerie - Essay Example The characters could be entertaining, spiteful or even painfully confusing but understanding their characters, circumstances, fears and longings, can make readers understand why they act and talk as they do. In this paper, an in-depth study of the three main characters will be done and an attempt to explain the reasons for their words and actions will be undertaken in the hope that readers will come to understand further the motives of the characters or understand the characters themselves and a little background of the author will be included to connect him to his characters. Amanda Wingfield is a beautiful woman who had a number of suitors during her younger days. She seems to be greatly indulged with her past, oftentimes speaking about her glory days (deafed.net) to her children which made her son, Tom, quite tired about it as reflected in his conversation with his sister, Laura. When their mother told them about her suitors when she was young, Tom mentioned he knew what was comin g but his sister told him to let their mother tell her story anyway and Tom answered, â€Å"Again?† (Williams, 754). Understandably, every person would want to talk about the good old days. They somehow help ease the pains of living a bitter present (Debusscher). For Amanda, she seems to go back to her past (Cummings), refusing to believe or accept the fact that she was not receiving suitors for her only daughter who was already growing old. She perhaps wanted to think that there is no reason at all for her daughter not to receive gentleman callers because she received so many of them during her youth. It would be an insult to a mother for her daughter not to have any suitors especially to a woman who seems to take pride in her beauty. For her, the implication that her daughter is not beautiful enough to attract suitors is simply unacceptable. In addition to a mother’s pride, Amanda’s desire to see her daughter married to a responsible man seems to make her very anxious about the young maiden’s having no boyfriend. She is concerned about the health conditions of her daughter and she probably was already considering her future if she remained unmarried. She wanted her daughter to be married very soon and she wanted that very badly because she knows it would only be a responsible husband who could assure her daughter of a good future. She knows how it is to be a helpless individual, unable to provide even for the basic needs of the family. That is why, even though they are not really the affluent kind of family, Amanda did her best to put her daughter in college for her to have something to lean back on during difficult times, for her to become independent in the future. However, the weak character of Laura (which will be discussed in detail later) did not make Amanda’s wishes come to pass. To some, Amanda may seem to be a manipulative mother who is trying to let her children do things which she was not able to do when she was young. Nevertheless, on another angle, she is seen as a mother who wants only the best for her children. With her husband leaving her alone to take care of the children, Amanda has experienced grievous days and perhaps, she was just trying to keep her children away from such unfavorable circumstances. Considering that Amanda asked her son to look for a responsible caller for Laura, someone who did not drink liquor but was an opposite of her own husband, shows that she indeed did not

Training of Employees in Call Centers Case Study

Training of Employees in Call Centers - Case Study Example Call centers plays an important role for Currys proving customers with immediate support and assess to information (Currys Home Page 2008). The main effects of training on the performance in Currys are improved service level delivered to customers and job satisfaction of all centers employees. At call centers in retail environment, employees who are effective at work, who can handle difficult tasks such as those illustrated above, possess particular attributes (Bateman & Snell 2004). Technically, it is referred to as expertise. These are the employees from whom others seek advice about how to approach a difficult task. Their attributes set them apart from less experienced workers and are also the qualities that other workers aspire to and employers wish more of their employees possessed. These attributes represent the kind of outcomes that should be developed through workplace training. In order to assist the development of expertise, retail organizations like Currys need to understand the attributes that constitute expert performance at work (Armstrong, 2000). In Currys, this enables the identification of the goals for workplace training and selecting particular strategies to most effectively generate expertise in workers. Understanding these attributes can also help establish bases for guiding the development of and judgments about the effectiveness of workplace training arrangements (Bateman & Snell 2004; Call Center Performance 2008). In Currys, the main effects of effective training comprise the ability to respond effectively to both the everyday and new work tasks encountered in the workplace. Being effective with everyday workplace tasks is essential, but it is not sufficient for expert performance at work. It is also important and necessary to respond to new and unanticipated tasks. For individual employees, the ability to transfer their vocational knowledge within the retail organization like Currys as new tasks arise and to other work situations is an important attribute one that opens up options and opportunities for their vocational advancement. Employees' ability to accomplish new tasks as well as the everyday ones enhances the prospect of the enterprise being able to respond successfully to new work challenges and changing environments. Such responses require workers to have expert attributes (Bateman & Snell 2004). Therefore it is important to understand these attributes and how they can best be develop ed in the retail sector. Because training is a product of everyday thinking and acting, it is inevitable that not all training will be desirable or appropriate. Currys supposes that training that might be considered undesirable and inappropriate is not quarantined in some way in Currys. Some of these outcomes are likely to be associated with unsafe working practices, or with the failure to use the requisite amount of checking and monitoring required for work tasks. In addition, there may be work practices that encourage exclusiveness and intolerance in the workplace. Inappropriate knowledge, including attitudes and values (e. g. dangerous work practice or exclusive views about gender/race), might well be learnt if it is practiced and/or rewarded in the workplace. Inappropriate training outcomes can arise from incomplete preparation (Armstrong, 2000; Currys Home Page 2008). Differences in the requirements for work extend

Wireless Area Network Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wireless Area Network - Coursework Example Wireless network for a company of 100 employees for purpose of data sharing and printing is discussed in the paper. In a company any employee can get connected with any other computer on the network to access data collectively. Printers can be shared and data sharing becomes extremely convenient. Hardware can be shared remotely without physical connection. Applications can be used for conferencing, messaging, screen sharing and file transfers. Besides these advantages of networking, wireless networks give mobility, flexibility, range and low equipment cost over conventional wired networks. The main downside of wireless networking includes limited or slow data transfer rates because of less bandwidth available as compared to wired network. Furthermore, security threats are more. Security features have evolved over time, making intrusion difficult. There are two types of networks. Server based or infrastructure and peer to peer. Server based networks utilize central servers. These servers store data and provide to clients (connected computers on network) on request (Mitchell, 2011). Peer to peer networks have no dedicated server, and computers can act as servers and clients (Allen, 2002). Server based networks offer more security and reliability of data as it is stored centrally and is typically used for large scale corporations. Peer to peer networks are more flexible and convenient for data sharing between computers and to incorporate flexible user base. Therefore, for the company with 100 computers a peer to peer network supported by infrastructure based wireless network is most suitable. Protocols are the standards used to operate a network. Most commonly used protocols for wireless network are 802.11a/b/g and n. 802.11n is suitable for the company as it offers greater range, increased bandwidth of over 150 Mbps, improved security and can even support voice calls (DeBeasi, 2009). For security,

Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Supply Chain Management - Essay Example h the finalization of eligibility criteria for enlisting the potential members. Thirdly, an information sheet about the rationale behind the formation of a supply chain needs to be submitted to the management for better understanding of the strategy in proper perspective.   It is in this backdrop, the proposal for building up a supply chain management system and selection of members for partnering discusses the strategy in detail. Procurement strategy Clients in the field of construction are more demanding and the contractors have to keep up to the schedule considering the cost overruns and penalties involved in case of delays. Value for money, timely delivery and quality plays an important role in formulating procurement policies. Therefore, while short-listing the suppliers as members of the supply chain management for partnering, their track record for integrity, timely delivery and dependability is given more weight for consideration. The flexibility of the suppliers, in the fa ce of change in requirements by the customers, needs to be given importance as the contractor cannot keep the goods in their inventory. It is important to ensure that the procurement schedule is finalized after making assessment of the current operations of the projects, the clients’ current priorities, documentation formalities and weaknesses noticed in the current schedule of operations. Matching the procurement program with the progress of the project demands care, tact and good business relationship on the part of the contractor with the client as well as the suppliers, because the projects are mostly one-off designs with complex interaction among various partners. Bower (2003) states, â€Å"It has been widely reported that extreme fragmentation is a particular trait of the construction industry†¦observed in the diversity of professions and trades in construction.† (p.10) In view of the uncertainties involved due to non-repetitive and non-standard nature of th e projects, diverting the materials procured for one site to another site could be planned at the time of taking procurement decisions. Benefits of teamwork and partnering Outsourcing: Benefits of team work and partnering accrues through outsourcing. Conceptually, â€Å"Cost of using something in a particular venture is the benefit foregone (or opportunity lost) by not using it in its best alternative use†. (Lipsey 1995, p. 259) If the company decides to use its capital effectively based on the opportunity cost by means of sub-contract or outsourcing, it increases its profitability and scale of operation. Selection of the right members for partnering depends upon several criteria such as financial strength, infrastructural facilities, storage facilities, reputation for timely delivery and dependability in view of the continuing business relationship envisaged in the process. Sub-contracting is also preferred in view of its cost advantage to the contractor. Ulku, Toktay & Yuce san (2007) â€Å"The supply chain may benefit from the separation of risk ownership and production capability. One of the primary drivers of

Should there be legislation for equal pay be for both men and women in Research Paper

Should there be legislation for equal pay be for both men and women in the same job - Research Paper Example These encompass long held theories regarding the female gender, sex discrimination and in some occasions hypotheses regarding women’s incompetence (Coolidge 9). However, the female gender has waged defense the on basis of huge their labor that goes unpaid and unnoticed besides meager remuneration in their respective workplace (Coolidge 9). Studies contend an average female loses an approximate $420,000 in her life (Coolidge 9). This does not comprise unrecognized household chores and childbearing matter that has prompted women to lag behind in their careers (Coolidge 9). A. Women ought to receive similar remuneration considerations with men (Coolidge 9). This is regardless of either former or present notions, which corporations, states’ regimes, men and society may be holding against them. Since, their contribution is similar to that of men except in various situations whereby nature exempts them from being active, for instance pregnancy. B. There should be no equal rem uneration amid the two genders. This is due to unequal contribution in the same job capacity despite the two genders having the same education or expertise. Mainly, women tend to be slow, reluctant, and not ambitious besides in certain situations excepting themselves due to pregnancy or other varied issues. II. Unequal remuneration amid the genders up to date is still evident (Drinan 18). This is regardless of numerous Acts instituted and implemented with an intention of ending gender disparity (Drinan 18). Since, the respective authorities lack effective measures meant to make adequate follow ups, mostly evident with transition of numerous regimes. For illustration, after President Carter instituting the 1980’s Act, both the following leaders failed to ratify it except Bill Clinton who gave it a light implementation, hence offering insignificant contribution in ending gender disparity (Drinan 18). Consequently, studies reveal that an average woman losses approximately $420,0 00 in her lifetime (Coolidge 9). This continues to widen both sexes’ pay gap regardless of the developing states boasting about their stable economies (O'Beirne 29). However, other arguments contend that, there are women who earn more compared to men especially in the challenging fields, for illustration engineering. Therefore, those claiming to earn little usually venture in the less paying jobs, which entail consistency to the extent female gender cannot keep up due to their inevitable natural exemptions (childbearing issues) (Coolidge 9). In addition, Britain studies reveal a decrease in the pay gap between men and women despite unproductive measures meant to ensure adequate follow-ups (Gavin 12). However, this trend is extremely slow due to wages’ stagnation especially by the low-income earners (Gavin 12). III. Women’s remuneration should equal the task(s) mandated to undertake in their respective areas because this ensures gender equality among the employee s (Kiama). A. Equal pay aids corporations in avoiding gender inequality, which according studies is the leading â€Å"dissatisfier'† in the workplace (Kiama). 1. Approximately 48% people contended that, unfairness especially in the workplace yields to employees’ demoralization. This is regardless of other varied aspects instituted by the employer to ensure good working environment (Kiama). 2. The 2010 (CIPD)’

Effects of television Essay Example for Free

Effects of television Essay Television may be one way to educate children but alongside of it is something that is very hazardous especially to toddlers. Letting your children watch cartoons such as Dora the Explorer, Sesame Street and the likes is both beneficial and dangerous. At some point there are things that need to be addressed by the parent when their children are watching television on their own. For parents whose child is under 2 years of age, letting their kids watch television for the entire day would be very harmful. One way to prevent any untoward things to happen at a young age is to limit their viewing hours. The Baby Center Medical Board Advisory wrote in their website: Since your child is under age 2, its best to keep TV-watching to a bare minimum. If you choose to allow some television, break it up into 15-minute increments. Much more than that and your toddlers brain can shift to autopilot. Do away with letting your children watch television program of their choice as it may have violent scenes. Researchers have found that when a toddler watches those kinds of programs, it is likely that they will, sooner or later, imitates the scene or they will display an aggressive behavior. Also, letting children watch television all day would give them less time to read books, exercise, play outdoors and make friends in the neighborhood. If a child owns a video game console, there is a big chance that they will be hard to discipline. Parents will have to deal with calling their kids for dinner time and get no response since they are busy with whatever game they are playing. The promotions of different kinds of alcoholic drinks, cigarettes, and illicit drugs are also harmful to children who watch television all day. Such kind of promotion makes the child think that using these products is good for everyone. Additionally, the meaning and ideals conveyed in any television program may give children a different understanding of things that will eventually influence the way they think and the kind of behavior that they will exhibit. A concern raised by the American Academy of Pediatrics says that, children are being subjected to much sexual imagery in the likes of music videos, television programs, and the advertisements. On the other hand, there are things that can be taught while watching television such as good moral values, following proper diet, other learning such as speaking, reading, appreciation of arts and many others. Parents should actually guide their children when watching television. They should be able to explain to their children what is happening in the scene or if the scene is not appropriate for them. Also, having parents watch television with their children is one way of bonding. There is a way where parents can restrict the shows that can be seen by the children through the help of the V-chip. V-chip is a device use to block programs that are not suitable for children in a specific age bracket. Setting the viewing time limit of a child can contribute much to their growth. A practice such as letting children watch television program only after finishing their homework is one of the ways where they can be limited to watching or playing video games. More, watching television is risky for children since they tend to become obese. A study presented by Harvard Medical School student, Sonia Miller, shows that the more a child sits in front of the television set, the more tendency of eating unhealthy foods and taking in too much sugar. The study showed that for each additional hour of TV viewing per day, the children consumed 0. 06 additional servings per day of sugar-sweetened beverages, 0. 32 additional servings per week of fast food and a total of 48. 7 additional calories per day, after adjusting for age, sex, maternal socio-demographics, race, body mass index, breastfeeding duration and sleep duration. Moreover, the more additional hours a child spent in front of the boob tube means that they have taken a number of fruits or vegetables that is required for their daily intake. However, Miller said that obesity and television watching is in any way not the same. â€Å"Watching television all day and doing nothing physical is not a cause for a child to be obese at an early age, but still the researchers are working out on the said matter† (Lepage-Monette, 2007). However, for a working mother, she cannot just contain her children to watch programs that she intends to watch. In a confession made by a working mother, she said that in order to have things done, she sometimes needs to turn on the television to catch the attention of her children and leave her with whatever work she has to do. The use of television in school is, on the other hand, one way to get the attention of a child especially those in their kindergarten. With the use of different educational DVDs, students become more interested in learning things. Using videos that have subjects like biology and history captures the interest of a student since they tend to understand more the lesson given that they are able to see it for themselves. In biology, the teacher can let their students watch a certain episode on National Geographic or Discovery channel that is in reference to their upcoming lesson. In the Philippines, there are television programs that are intended to be used as an instructional media to students. There are programs for enriching the knowledge of students in Mathematics, Science, English, History and Literature and the Arts. For over 4 years, the Philippine government has agreed to use these media in order to teach students. Both private and public schools in the Philippines use the said media to let their students further understand the lesson. Personally, the use of instructional media like that in the Philippines is very beneficial to students. It does not expose the student to a long time of television viewing yet it helps them understand their respective lessons with the help of the videos. Letting students read thick books is something that they will not do and will only give them the idea of having an A-list classmate do the work and in the end; the student does not learn anything. Whereas, with showing video clips or documentaries, they tend to be more attracted to the lesson and will later on research on things that is in accordance to what they saw and learn a thing or two from it. It is not bad to let children watch television programs, only there should be proper guidance from elders. And these elders should be able to explain if the scene is really intended for students at a particular age or not. References BabyCenter Medical Advisory Board (2006, October). TV-watching guidelines for toddlers Milton Chen, Ph. D. (1994). The Smart Parents Guide to Kids TV. KQED Books. Hanna D Margeirsdottir; Jakob R Larsen; Cathrine Brunborg; Leiv Sandvik; et al (2007, June). Strong Association Between Time Watching Television and Blood Glucose Control. Diabetes Care. pg. 1567.

Banning the use of cell phones Essay Example for Free

Banning the use of cell phones Essay TITLE: Why banning the use of cell phones while driving should be mandatory nationwide. 1a.General purpose: To highlight the mis-use of hand-held cell phones whilst driving. 1b.Specific purpose: To reduce road fatalities; by persuading the Government of St.Vincent and the Grenadines to implement a law banning motorists from using cell phones on all roads (major and minor roads) in non-emergencies cases. 1c.Central Idea: Using a cell phone can distract motorists, leading them to taking their eyes off the road or to lose their concentration whilst driving which involves teens. Main Points: mis-use of hand-held cell phones road fatalities mandatory intervention Summarize the Key Points of Introduction 1. Cell phones can be useful in many situations. However they are now being mis-used in non-emergencies cases such as making or receiving regular standard calls, texting and being on others social network sites whilst driving. 2. Road fatalities have increased resulting from poor driving by motorists especially teens whilst they are on their cell phones. Many motorist, pedestrians and animals have been killed or seriously injured due motorist distractions. 3. The Government should implement a law banning motorist from using cell phones on all roads (major and minor roads) throughout St Vincent and the Grenadines as a means of reducing road fatalities Conclusion Cell phones have been around for over 30years and are now accessible to a range of people; they can be a valuable communication device. However, when used inappropriately, this can lead to road collisions and fatality. References * In 2006, Liberty Mutual Insurance Group Http//:ven.wikipedia .org/wiki/texting- while-driving In 2006 article American Automobile Association International Telecommunication Union (NTSB) Why banning the use of cell phones while driving should be mandatory nationwide. I will be highlighting why banning the use of a cell phones whilst driving should be mandatory throughout St Vincent and the Grenadines. I will be focusing on situations where the cell phone is being used for non- emergencies when driving. Cellular phones were first introduced into civilian life and the market place around the mid- 1980s. Before this period it was used mainly in the military and in some businesses. Over the years, there has been dramatic growth in the use cell phones. Today cell phones are available to everyone around the world regardless of their age or status. The indiscriminate use of hand held cell phones by persons while driving has resulted in many fatal accidents in recent years and as such is a compelling reason for Parliament to enact legislated to address this precautious situation by banning the use of cell phones while driving in St.Vincent and the Grenadines. It well established that in attentive caused by some forms of distraction is the most common cause of vehicle accidents, engaging in a conversation on a cell phone while driving is a serious distraction in the sense that people lose focus being so imbibed in the conversation that they become totally loss to the surrounding activities. It may be arguable that accidents caused by cell phone use are far less than those caused by other forms of distractions but that is not important in considering whether a total ban should be placed on the use of cell phone while driving. What is of utmost importance is the safety o the general public; it is not of prime necessity to use a cell phone while driving. A driver may be better advised to pull over at the side of road, stop and use his or her cell phone whether be in to dial a number or to receive an incoming call or text messages which is becoming more popular in today technology world. According to Liberty Mutual Insurance Group 2006 conducted a survey of more than 90 teen from twenty six high schools across United States. The result showed that 37% of students considering texting to be  Ã¢â‚¬Å"very† or â€Å"extremely† distracting. A study by the America Automobile Association discovered that 46% of teens admitted to being distracted behind the wheel because of texting. This distracting is alarming The risk of crashing while texting because reading or sending a text diverts the drivers eyes from the road for an average of 4.6 seconds—the same as driving the length of a football field, blind, at 55 mph. The International Telecommunication Union states that â€Å"texting, making calls, and other interaction with in-vehicle information and communication systems while driving is a serious source of driver distraction and increases the risk of traffic accidents increases by 23 times. While celebrities such as Oprah Winfrey have campaigned against texting while driving, there are reports that the message has not been getting through to teenagers. Perhaps the force and might of government authority might be able to get through to them. The practice has been viewed by many people and authorities as dangerous. It has also been ruled as the cause of some motor -vehicle accidents, and in some places has been outlawed or restricted. Is there any reason why my country St. Vincent and the Grenadines cannot emulate such a restriction? Cell phones have become a valuable devise for communicating with others. However, there are situations where it can be said that they are being misused. This would include texting whilst driving, receiving or sending calls and accessing face-book/Twitter and instant messaging on whatever social networks. I will make mention of how texting, using face book and using twitter could endanger the life of the driver, animals, passengers and/or other motorist and pedestrians on the road. (Road collisions and fatality). It is so sad that one’s life have to end just like that or turn into a vegetable because of someone else careless mistake and their future dreams are scattered. The use of cell phone while driving should not be allowed to continue unabsorbed in any civilized society where human life is valued at the highest. Laws should not only be enacted but they must be enforced and the punishment shall be such as to deter would be offenders. Therefore they must not only penalties but penalties should be rather serious and fitting the  offence of using a cell phone while driving. Cell phones have been around for over approximately 30years and are now accessible to a range of people; they can be a valuable communication device. However, when used inappropriately, this can lead to road collisions and fatality.

Impact of Conflict on Human Capital Development

Impact of Conflict on Human Capital Development Living Amid Conflict and its Implications to Human Capital Development By Alexander Ken P. Libranza Introduction The adverse effects of the outbreak and recurrence of conflict can be dangerous because of its long-term economic implications that may force a country into a vicious cycle of low human capital development and conflict (Kim et al, 2010). A common stand among recent literature suggests that conflict destroys the process of accumulating physical and human capital, which deteriorates the labor force and in turn affects institutional capacity (Justino, 2011; Nkurunziza, 2008; Serneels et al, 2010). Most researches on civil wars and armed conflict has been focused on the macro-level of analysis, as noted by Stewart Valpy (2001), that largely address the economic and social consequences concentrating on the prevalence of underdevelopment among conflict-affected countries. However, very few researchers talk about the micro-level impacts of conflicts on household and individual. One possible reason is the unavailability of household-level data in conflict-affected countries. Second, even wh en such data are available the reliability of the source and the sample is also being questioned. Although, empirical works are growing, the increasing micro-level researches has been greatly focused on the effects of war to household living standards and direct impacts of combats that involves narratives of individuals in conflict areas. Very limited works has addressed the long term effects of violent conflict on children and child development, most especially on the Philippine context. Drawing on a review of both theoretical and empirical literature, this paper frames the connection between armed conflict and human capital development within a conceptual framework in which the accumulation of nutrition and education and levels of human development are linked. This paper further shows that while armed conflict might be caused by many factors, low levels of human development increase the risks of conflict outbreaks and recurrence. Figure 1: Adopted from Kim Conceià §Ãƒ £o (2010), â€Å"The Economic Crisis, Violent Conflict, and Human Development† Figure 1 shows the conceptual framework of the study. This framework suggests a self-reinforcing cycle from the roots and cause of armed conflict to low human capital development, and vice versa. The decade-long armed conflict in the Philippines is a proof of this loop. Concentrated in rural areas, variations of insecurities and violence has affected communities especially children and women who are forced to suffer physical and psychological trauma as consequences from shooting, combat operations, and rights abuse. While conflict maybe caused by many factors, Risser (2007) traces its roots to the issues of poverty, economic distribution disparities, and scarcity of state social and welfare services. These becomes a problem because it limits access to health care services and basic education which is critical for the accumulation of physical, social, and human capital. The framework further notes that a country experiencing conflict cannot secure long term returns for investments in both physical and human capital, resulting in low investment in health and education which lead to low levels of human development. A country with low levels of human development has a difficulty in improving institutions which lowers productivity and potential growth. As such, lower growth rates heighten the risk of conflict, potentially trapping a country in a self-reinforcing cycle of conflict, low human development, and vice versa (Kim Conceicao, 2010). In the period of 2001-2005, IBON Foundation monitored 1,061 armed confrontations between the government forces and various armed groups and recorded 569 killing of innocent, unarmed civilians – 52 of which are minors under 18-years old, 63 women, and 199 who were killed during the crossfire. Over the last decade, millions of children were killed in armed conflicts all over the world (Machel, 1996). While others are exploited as soldiers and exposed to extreme brutality and violence (Camacho, 2003). It is estimated that 45 percent of the direct victims of armed conflict are 15 years old and younger. Moreover, there were 819 incident of human rights violations involving children from 2001 to April 2005. Children suffered effects of sexual violence, harassment and psychological trauma, intimidation, illegal detention, and exposure to hunger and disease. There were 75 cases of children who were orphaned when their parents were killed during the conflict, however this number may be underreported due to the lack of data, limited information, and unreliability of the sources. Exposure to actual combats and being caught in the crossfire of battles has left them physically disabled, emotionally scarred, and psychologically traumatized which are detrimental in accumulating the proper human and social capital to become well-adjusted and productive workers. This research relates to various fields in the literature, in particular for development economics, health and nutrition, and education. I briefly mention below the key areas in the mentioned field of study that motivates this research. First is on the established link between economic conditions and conflict. There has been a great deal of work analyzing the causal effects of conflict and war. Most of these studies extensively focused on establishing a strong link between poverty to armed conflict and violence (Justino, 2006; Justino, 2009; Miguel et al., 2004). Macro-level analysis, as noted by Stewart, F. Valpy F. (2001), has provided an insight on the economic and social consequences of conflict focusing on the prevalence of underdevelopment among conflict-affected countries. However, there has been limited number of studies focusing at the micro-level impacts of conflicts on household and individual. The increasing micro-level data has been greatly focused on the effects of war to household living standards, direct impacts of combats, and very limited on children and child development especially on the Philippine context. Second is the relationship of health to socio-economic characteristics, and its implications to consumption patterns. Serdan (2008) gave an overview of how armed conflict affects food intakes, food availability, and a clear measurement indicators of nutritional outcomes for children. In addition, Straus and Thomas (2008) noted how health and nutrition affects the accumulation of human capital, as well as its positive effects to productivity and living standards. Third is relating nutrition to academic performance. In fact, academic performance and nutrition, as important elements in the accumulation of proper human and social capital, has been the subject of the growing literature demonstrating the long term impacts of conflict to the productivity of the workforce, their well-being, as well as living standards (Thomas, 2007; Berhman et al., 2004; Malluccio et al., 2006, Serdan, 2008). Furthermore, a unanimous agreement establishes health as an important factor for determining the well-being of the population which affects schooling, income, and labor force participation (Serdan, 2008; Alderman et al., 2006; Shemyakina, 2006; Swee 2009). In all, existing researches are clear: the effects or armed conflict and violence represent a significant challenge to the health and education systems. This further qualifies both the short-term and long-term economic implications of armed conflict to the different sectors of the economy. This paper examines the possible causal effects of armed conflict and violence on health outcomes and education of children. In particular, I analyzed if the exposure to armed conflict and violence has a differential effect on the nutrition and academic performance of conflict-affected children, and comparing these results to those children from non-armed conflict areas. When it comes to peace development, this quantitative research will contribute to the lack of data around conflict-affected areas towards creating an impact assessment for conflict and post-conflict rehabilitation programs. The main issue is the gap between academic studies and practitioner works that has been due to the limited information and reliance on sources of data from mass media and humanitarian monitoring mechanism. I want to establish a closer link between academic studies and policy making in conflict-affected areas. The paper seek to assess how armed conflict and violence affect the health and education of children living in conflict areas. More specifically, this research looks into the anthropometric indicators that would suggest disruptions on the nutritional intakes, academic performance, and schooling of children. In doing so, the study evaluates the current status of health and education of children living amid conflict and violence, and compares the nutritional outcomes and academic performance of children from armed conflict areas to non-armed conflict areas. LIBRANZA | 1

Friendship: What Makes a Good Friend? :: Friendship Essays

When I think about what makes someone a good friend, I think about all the characteristics of my own friends. My personal definition of a friend, is someone who is always looking out for me, and will help me if I’m in trouble. A friend has to be someone I trust and who trusts me in return. Another important characteristic in a friend is someone who I can talk to, and makes me laugh. One of the most important traits of a friend, is someone who will help you if you need it. One personal experience I had with this was when my friends, Mark, Steve, and I we all out driving around late at night. We were on our way home from going up to my camp at the lake, it was four in the morning, and we were all tired. I was driving my car and we had just gotten off the Northway when I ran over a glass bottle and my tire popped. I didn’t know what to do. We had no money, and were stranded. Millions of thoughts were racing through my mind: what would I tell my mom, how could we get it fixed, and most importantly how could I stay out of trouble. My friend Mark called up his brother to come and tow the car. His actions that night made me realized that a true friend would takes risks for each other. A strong friendship also depends upon mutual trust. If you can’t trust each other then it is impossible to establish a strong relationship. In the past, I have been able to tell my friends personal feelings, and know that they would keep secrets to themselves. One time my friend and I were riding on my friend James’ lawnmower and we hit the side of the garage. We promised each other that we would take it to the grave. Even though we should have eventually told someone, we kept it to ourselves. Another quality I like to have in a friend, is someone who can make me laugh. A perfect example of this is my friend Bob. Some of the comments he would say would be so outrageous; I couldn’t help but laugh. One time I traveled to Montreal with my friends, and the entire four-hour drive I spent laughing. Bob and I sat in the back seat cracking jokes the whole time. This is important because it is good to know that regardless of the mood, or situation I’m in, a good friend can make me laugh. When I asked other students their thought on friendship, I Friendship: What Makes a Good Friend? :: Friendship Essays When I think about what makes someone a good friend, I think about all the characteristics of my own friends. My personal definition of a friend, is someone who is always looking out for me, and will help me if I’m in trouble. A friend has to be someone I trust and who trusts me in return. Another important characteristic in a friend is someone who I can talk to, and makes me laugh. One of the most important traits of a friend, is someone who will help you if you need it. One personal experience I had with this was when my friends, Mark, Steve, and I we all out driving around late at night. We were on our way home from going up to my camp at the lake, it was four in the morning, and we were all tired. I was driving my car and we had just gotten off the Northway when I ran over a glass bottle and my tire popped. I didn’t know what to do. We had no money, and were stranded. Millions of thoughts were racing through my mind: what would I tell my mom, how could we get it fixed, and most importantly how could I stay out of trouble. My friend Mark called up his brother to come and tow the car. His actions that night made me realized that a true friend would takes risks for each other. A strong friendship also depends upon mutual trust. If you can’t trust each other then it is impossible to establish a strong relationship. In the past, I have been able to tell my friends personal feelings, and know that they would keep secrets to themselves. One time my friend and I were riding on my friend James’ lawnmower and we hit the side of the garage. We promised each other that we would take it to the grave. Even though we should have eventually told someone, we kept it to ourselves. Another quality I like to have in a friend, is someone who can make me laugh. A perfect example of this is my friend Bob. Some of the comments he would say would be so outrageous; I couldn’t help but laugh. One time I traveled to Montreal with my friends, and the entire four-hour drive I spent laughing. Bob and I sat in the back seat cracking jokes the whole time. This is important because it is good to know that regardless of the mood, or situation I’m in, a good friend can make me laugh. When I asked other students their thought on friendship, I

Hunger Issues in the World :: World Hunger

â€Å"There are people in the world so hungry, that God cannot appear to them except in the form of bread† – Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist World hunger is one of the biggest problems faced in this world today. About 24,000 people die every day, and most of these deaths are faced by children under five. Even though there is a lot of food in the world, some people in the world can’t access these foods because of poverty. About 1/10 of the world population suffer from chronic hunger every year. Because of the hunger problem, the majority of people suffer from blindness, anemia, malnutrition related problems and other diseases because they are not getting enough diet. There are lots of countries facing hunger issues in the world. Most of the hungry countries are undeveloped countries and some developing countries. Some of the hungry countries are, D.R. Congo, Somalia, Burundi, Eritrea, Mozambique, Zambia, Haiti, Sierra Leone, Tajikistan, and Afghanistan. Most of the hungry countries are located in Africa. Out of all these countries Somalia is hungriest country in Africa, and followed by Haiti in Central America. The main reason why there are lots of hunger crisis in Somalia is because of the natural resources were destroyed by the civil war. Another reason is numerous amounts of drought and flooding. But one of the main reasons that Somalia is hungry is poverty. Their per capita GDP per year is $500. Since their natural resources were destroyed by the civil war, they can’t grow sufficient food. So, the food gets transported from other countries the food prices increases every day. Many people in the country are poverty that means that they can’t buy enough food to feed themselves because it is too expensive. The second hungriest country in the world is Haiti. Some problem it faces that leads to hunger is 80 percent of people live in poverty. Most of their natural resources were destroyed by hurricanes, floods, and tropical storms. An additional reason why Haiti is hungry is because they have weak government. Bibliography United Nations World Food Program (WFP), Oxfam, UNICEF. â€Å"Hunger and World Poverty† January 2007. . Found online Sunday, December 13, 2009 The State of Food Insecurety in the World 2003, United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation; UN World Food Program; U.

Euthanasia Essay - Laws Against Assisted Suicide in Canada :: Physician Assisted Suicide

Laws Against Assisted Suicide in Canada "This is a very special day for me. It's the day of my release, the release from suffering, the release from the torment of my body." Those were the words of the very first Canadian to die through the process of doctor assisted- suicide, with the doctor being Jack Kevorkian. His name was Austin Bastable, and in the last few years of his life he became a crusader for the right to die with dignity. It has been only in these last few years, with the introduction of people such as Dr. Jack Kevorkian and Austin Bastable, that the world has begun to see the benefits made possible by the act of assisted-suicide. The prevention of suffering and pain made possible through this medicide, regarded as immoral for years, affects not only the patient but their immediate and distant relatives as well. Kevorkian told a judicial court the same one day in late April, early May: "Suicide is not the aim. Eliminating suffering is the aim, but you pay a price with the loss of a life." Although Kevorkian's methods have succeeded with some difficulty, in the USA, their northern neighbour, our great dominion of Canada, disallows the administration of this relieving practice. In our grand country assisted suicide is illegal. Cases of other terminally ill persons have surfaced throughout the news, the most prominent being those related to Dr. "Death" Kevorkian. We don't often think on what a terminally ill person might be like. They might be suffering from Lou Gehrig's Disease. They might be suffering from multiple sclerosis. They might be suffering from any number of other types of injuries and diseases. What we don't think about are the cases that bring out our most empathetic feelings. Take the case of one Christine Busalacchi, who was so severely injured in an accident that she now lives in what her father calls a "persistent vegetative condition." Vegetative is precisely the word to describe her condition. She has lost enough weight to cause her to appear as someone else. She has her right leg bent with her knee always in the air and her left foot is frozen in a quite unnatural manner.

Christology Case Essay

Have you ever wondered if peoples’ names have any real value or significance? If it has any connection to our inner selves, and most specially our souls? A person’s name matters a lot more than we might think; names are given to us which we wear like a label through most of our lives. This is something that allows us to distinguish one from another in speech and writing, but it is truly nothing more than a label and seldom has any true energetic connection to who or what we are. A name can be generally termed as something by which a certain thing possesses the quality of being known so that it establishes its distinctive identity and existence in the scheme of things. Therefore, a name is the very base of the being of something. A name is more than a label. It’s a description of who you are and what your path and purpose in this experience is, was and will be. It is the perfect energetic compliment to your understanding of this experience for yourself; your role , your relationships to others, basically everything about you. â€Å"A name powerfully symbolizes character and importance. â€Å" There are first name, middle name, last name, surname, nick name, family name, given name and etc. when the reference is to people. A surname is usually inherited and, while it may be changed, some form of it is usually retained. Given names are more important in a way because they represent a voluntary choice by the parents or, sometimes, by an individual. By all means, a name is usually not given lightly. My Name Is JAZZY REJEL AGUILLON GOLOSO MEANING â€Å"Jazzy† This name is believed to have an American origin which means â€Å"Fragrant Flower†. Its meaning and origin came from a variantof the Persian Yasmin (Jasmine). â€Å"Jazzy† usually means â€Å"unconventional† or â€Å"unusual†, to stand out and are different from the people around you in a good way. Jazzy personality -means you are outgoing, talkative, funny, and fun to be around. Jazzy sense of humor – means you are clever and think of jokes that other people wouldn’t think of. It could possibly mean that your sense of humor is a little bit crass and you joke about things that others wouldn’t joke about. But not necessarily – it could be completely complimentary. Jazzy clothes or a jazzy dresser -means you probably wear bright, unusual colors or patterns, or your clothes show a unique and modern sense of style. What does it mean to other language? In Spanish -Sassy In French -Sophisticated In Danish -Over smart â€Å"REJEL† Rejel or Rigel (i)-gelIt is Arabic origin,and the meaning of Rigel is â€Å"foot†. In the Orion constellation, Rigelis the blue star of the first magnitude that marks the hunter’s left foot. Nickname (jazz) Jazz, coming from the word Jasm is thought to derive from or be a variant of slang jism or gism, which is defined as â€Å"spirit; energy; spunk.† . Deepening the nexus among these words is the fact that â€Å"spunk† is also a slang term for semen, and that â€Å"spunk†, like jism/jasm, also means spirit, energy, or courage. Other proposed origins include French jaser, meaning to chatter or chat, and French chasser, meaning to chase or hunt and from Irish teas, which is pronounced â€Å"jass† and means â€Å"heat† or â€Å"passion†. ACRONYMN J is for jolly, the fun side! A is for abundant, cheer knows no bounds. Z is for zeal, zest for life. Z is for zany, the funny side of me! Y is for yearn, my innermost desires. R is for reasonable, understanding way. E is for enchant, for enchant will. J is for jolly, the fun side! E is for eternal, spirit will live. L is for loyalty that I show. FAMOUS PEOPLE HAVING THE SAME NAME DJ Jazzy Jeff- Jeffrey Allen Townes, also known as DJ Jazzy Jeff or simply Jazz, is an American hip hop, R&B disc jockey, record producer, turntablist and actor. He is best known for his early career with Will Smith as DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince. Jazz Raycole-an American actress and dancer. Jazzy Rhia-female rapper. Research from my parents My mother told me why she named me Jazzy Rejel it’s because of her name Jenny while my father’s name is Romeo the first letter of my first name is from the first letter of my mother’s name, while the first letter of my second name is from the first letter of my father’s name . She said that she named me Jazzy Rejel since when I was born I was cute and adorable. How I could stand up to my name? As what I have researched, my two names mean a fragrant flower and a star- which is at the foot of a constellation. With such unique name, it was hard looking for meanings but as I discover what my name means; it was astonishing to know that my name really fit my personality. If I would be asked to give my own meaning to my name basing on this, I would say that Jazzy Rejelmeans a bubbly, perky person who will do everything to reach her goals and become that star, become a part of something important. I would carry on with my good works, remain as humble and lively and improve on my mishaps. END.

Preparing To Conduct Business Research Essay

IntroductionIn grappleing business question for the NFL organization instruments to aggregate info and conduce interviews entrust take up to be utilize. The set aside sampling and question methods leave alone too be discussed for this explore process. The NFL organization ordain see slap-up benefits from conducting this enquiry to reach the right conclusions closely the problems they be facing as of modern with their imposters violating the fusions personal conduct and philia roast policies (2014 NFL Fines/suspensions Tracker, 2014). Their shammers know overly been a part of many interior(prenominal) violence arrests. (Morris, 2014).Sampling/Research MethodsFor this incident research, this study entrust require goal-directed sampling. The participants willing hand to be elect arbitrarily for their unique characteristics, experiences, attitudes, or perceptions. consequently as conceptual or hypothetical categories of participants develop during the int erview process, fresh participants will be sought out to contest emerging patterns (Cooper & Schindler, 2014). The prototypic two throngs will have to be NFL players who have a history of be complicated in personal conduct and spirit evil violations, and those who do non. Individual interviews will have to be conducted face to face during the players practices or early(a) trim time they may have.If they choose to come in in the study, individual interviews will springiness each player to feel more(prenominal) than comfort competent sh be truthful culture about themselves and their possible involvement in personal conduct and substance abuse violations. The interviews will be semi-structured in temperament because semi-structured interviews develop a dialog mingled with interviewer and participant, and use the skill of the interviewer to extract more data and a greater shape of data, and butt end achieve greater uncloudedness and elaboration ofthe participants a nswers (Cooper & Schindler, 2014).Instruments to physical exertion to Collect Qualitative InformationThe instrument that will be used to realize this qualitative information will be discern via personal interview. This is because the depth and power point of information that support be secured is greater. The interviewer has the aptitude to improve the quality of information unruffled with this technique over any other methods. This is because the interviewer has the ability to observe the participants and see if they atomic number 18 having a hard time ground questions and micturate it so that the participants can affect to them and feel more comfortable boilers suit responding to them considering the nature of the questions that the NFL players will be answer (Cooper & Schindler, 2014). purloin type MethodThe set aside sample method for this research is a probability sampling because personal records of the players are already on file and they can choose narrow down the candidates for the mess to determine the best ones. Although with each(prenominal) the fretfulness taken for the plenty some wad will refuse to participate (Cooper & Schindler, 2014). cod to players refusing to participate sampling error is in all likelihood to rise and the researchers would take that into distinguish when find out the sample method (Cooper & Schindler, 2014).Sampling formThe sampling frame that would be used for this research study would be skeletal from the roosters of the current players that are currently held by the coaches. To increase the sampling class this would also include previous players that had been involved with the league (Cooper & Schindler, 2014). The researchers would pull from a larger tribe and then use a covering procedure to eliminate those who are non members of the group that the team wishes to study (Cooper & Schindler, 2014). Players have been accused of the infraction in the sometime(prenominal) or currently have a c ase pending will not be included in the survey. The players will be assigned figures and chosen at random to be surveyed.Appropriate Sampling SizeHow large a sample should be is a percentage of the variation in thepopulation parameters on a lower floor study and the estimating precision unavoidable by the researcher (Cooper & Schindler, 2014). Due to the variance that could train within the population the sample of the research would need to be larger to account for the variance (Cooper & Schindler, 2014). The sampling size will also be large cod to the smaller error range needed to determine the punishments for the players that commit break the player code of conduct set by the league. Cost considerations would not affect the size of the sampling because the current and former players will not be compensated for their survey.Sample SizeThe sample size regarding this circumstance look into will be firm as followed the first sample group will be NFL players known for havin g a history in being involved in personal conduct and substance abuse violations and the stand by sample group will be NFL players who do not have a history in either of those regards. As of now in the 2014 season, 41 NFL players have been suspended for substance abuse or personal conduct that can be interviewed in the first group and the remaining 1,655 players to choose from in the second group (2014 NFL Fines/suspensions Tracker, 2014).Qualitative Methods cosmos UsedThe qualitative method being used in the experiment is survey by face-to-face interview. The benefit to a face-to-face interview is being able to observe and record nonverbal as well as verbal communicating (Cooper & Schindler, 2014). It is believed that this method will produce the nigh honest, truthful data and in a study like this it is important to make your samples feel comfortable in opening move up.Statistical Tests Being UsedA powerful statistical test is recommended for this experiment. The number of play ers who have been suspended is too low, so its important to make true the sample size will give enough data to make the experiment valid against the interviews done in the second group.Results and ConclusionsThe individuals that are in charge of assembly the data that is needed to create new policies for off-field incidences is going to make sure that they add allthing they need to make new policies. They are going to want thesenew policies to detain intact and not change every year. From the results, the NFL should be able to answer the genuine research question, What should the off-field punishments be based on what the incident was? In conclusion, the NFL was made alert that the policies for punishment of off-field incidences wasnt strict enough.The NFL had to detonate by conduction interviews with players that were open to sharing information. The instrument that was used is qualitative information. The appropriate sample method for this research is a probability samplin g because personal records of the players are already on file and they can choose narrow down the candidates for the survey to determine the best ones. Once all the information was gathered, the NFL was able to share the data by creating new policies for off-field incidences.References2014 NFL Fines/Suspensions Tracker. (2014). Retrieved from http//www.spotrac.com/fines-tracker/nfl/2014/suspensions/ Cooper, D.R. & Schindler, P. S. (2014). Business research methods (12th ed.). New York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Morris, B. (2014, July 31). The Rate of Domestic hysteria Arrests Among NFL Players. DataLab. Retrieved September 26, 2014, from http//fivethirtyeight.com/datalab/the-rate-of-domestic-violence-arrests-among-nfl-players/

Enterprise Architecture as Strategy Essay

Technology is shifting at a faster rate resulting in development of new methods that assist in satisfactory completion of certain technological demand. This has given birth to different enterprise architecture frameworks that fulfill the specific requirements of day-to-day activities. Architecture is a framework of guidelines, principles, models, standards and strategies that directs, social construction and development of business process, design and information and resources through enterprise. Hence, free enterprise architecture is a blueprint, which defines the structure and operation of a given organization (Fowler & Rice 2003).The growth of such a economic theory isnt sufficient.The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) is an enterprise architecture framework, which approaches the further development of enterprise information architecture through design, planning, governance and implementation.This EA framework employs twenty four pillars to achieve its goals: Applicati on, Business, Technology and Data. Before the architect own plans for current and future aims of the organization, they are provided with foundation architectures how that form the basis that they will use for the new development. The four pillars play a crucial major role in ensuring that the process is successful.Management is merely one of the essential pursuits which play a valuable part in the additional information systems also .

The original aim of the TOGAF was to design and develop technology modern architecture for a given business entity. However, the framework has evolved becoming a methodology that is used to analyze overall business architecture. This resulted into splitting of the enterprise methodology into two parts: Architecture further Development Method (ADM) and Enterprise continuum. The ADM ensures that the enterprise architecture meets the minimum requirements of the organization in terms of business needs and information technology needs.Information methods that what are complex control leverage new technologies and concepts or companies from having the ability to adapt to be able to compete.For example, Phase C combines Application and available Data architecture and phase B and C ensure that the clarity of the information gothic architecture is achieved (Lankhorst 2005).For the ADM to be successful, Enterprise Continuum comes handy. Generally, the Enterprise Continuum can be seen as a ‘virtual repository’ of all the assets of the architecture that is in an organization. These assets may include architectural patterns, architectural models, architecture descriptions and other important artifacts.At best, it tap into a diverse range of abilities and solutions empty can result in a more holistic strategy and also improve the overall understanding of our professionals.

Usually there is a relationship between the different EA frameworks in terms of how it operates and ways deeds that enables it to accomplish its duties. Zachman Framework and TOGAF ADM part fair share some common features. ADM mapping in relation to the Zachman Framework supports a correlation.The Zachman Framework has a well established and comprehensive taxonomy that supports various models, viewpoints wired and other important artifacts, which an enterprise may consider developing as a phase of the EA (White 2007).Organizations unable to satisfy the generous donation could be requested to submit supporting documentation, including salary programs for other graduate-level interns or an operating budget.The main purpose of the architecture is to define viewpoints, an aspect that is supported by the TOGAF ADM but lacks in Zachman Framework. Zachman Framework vertical axis provides a source of potential viewpoints worth while the horizontal may provide generic taxonomy concerns. Thus, the Zachman Framework does not have means good for processes for conformant views or developing viewpoints. Hence, it does not full employ a perspective that is shown by TOGAF’s ADM.Our company is about to offer top excellent custom writing dilute solutions to you.

Hence, the columns that are in the FEAF matrix correspond to the three gothic architecture domains that are supported by TOGAF; the fourth TOGAF domain covers business gothic architecture that lacks in the FEAF structure.Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) is a framework that brings together Applications, additional Information and Technology Architectures in fulfilling the requirements of architecture. Thus, it shares many concepts keyword with TOGAF because the aim of EAP is to form blueprints for architectures to solve business problems. Moreover, EAP supports the nine phases that are supported by the TOGAF (White 2007).There are a first great deal of additional ways that youll be able to use to increase how their writing abilities.Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) defines the architecture systems into consistent and complementary views. It defines a structure logical and mechanisms that help in understanding, visualizing and assimilating the complexiti es and broad scope of a example given architecture design through tabular, graphic and textual means. Thus, it shares minimal aspect with TOGAF.In fact, TOGAF main focus on the methodology of architecture in terms of â€Å"how to† without bringing into consideration architecture description constructs.There are advantages deeds that are given to the enterprises.

DODAF requires that all information, analysis and new products to build should be put forefront before building the architecture. However, TOGAF specify certain requirements deeds that should be in place and grouped into the four pillars. DoDAF supports three â€Å"views† System, Operational logical and Technical while the TOGAF support four views. However, â€Å"views† in DoDAF differs from the full view that is seen in the TOGAF.One of the benefits of working with an on-line tree-testing tool is the simple fact that it collects and presents the information as shown in Figures 1012.Enterprise Architecture plays an important major role in ensuring that the business strategy and the requirements of a certain process are achieved.TOGAF approach is useful in achieving a business-oriented process through a well defined methodology. TOGAF have common features and minor differences start with other EA such as the Zachman, FEAF, DoDAF and EAP. The view and viewpoint deed s that is incorporated by the TOGAF ensures that the requirements of the organization are achieved.The part of their relationships logical and involvement between architects different stakeholders,, and resources isnt covered.

(2005). Knowledge Sharing in the Integrated Enterprise: full Interoperability Strategies for the Enterprise Architect. London: Birkhauser. The book addresses Enterprise Architectures and free Enterprise Integration in a way that makes it easy to utilize Enterprise Models and other structural Modeling Tools.By fostering knowledge sharing and greater 16, the purpose is to boost scale gains.Fowler, M. & Rice, D. (2003). Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture.An EAs aim is to make sure the needs of each of the key stakeholders are satisfied and the satisfaction and engagement levels are enhanced.

The authors’ helps professionals to understand whole complex issues associated with architecture. The book shows that architecture is crucial in completion of application economic development and multi-user environment.In addition, the book provides patterns and context in EA that enables the reader to have proper means to make the right decisions. Lankhorst, M.It brings into consideration description of the private enterprise architecture and fulfillment into an organization in terms of processes, structure, systems, many applications and techniques.The book brings into consideration description of components and unambiguous specification to allow for a logical modeling language. They utilize their skills in ensuring that the architects have concrete skills that fulfill the architectural practice. It also gives means that allows communication between stakeholders that are involved in these architectures.(2003). A practical Guide to Enterprise Architecture. New York: Pre ntice Hall PTR. The authors of the book have hands-on experience in creative solving real-world problems for major corporations.(2003). Guide to Enterprise IT Architecture.New York: Springer Publishers. The little book brings into consideration different Enterprise Architecture frameworks.

& Weill, P. (2006).Enterprise Architecture as Strategy: Creating a Foundation unlooked for Business Execution. Chicago: Harvard Business Press.Scheer, A. & Kruppke, H. (2006). Agility by ARIS Business making Process Management.Thus, the book is business oriented with EA playing an important role. Schekkerman, J. (2003). How to Survive in the Jungle of Enterprise Architecture Frameworks, 2nd Ed.Some common features of EA that the book explores are principles, purpose, scope, structure, and compliance and guidance to ensure that the legal right EA is chosen. Wagter, R. & Steenbergen, M. (2005).

Acoustic Signal Based Traffic Density Engineering Essay

employment get hold and parametric quanti colligates love from urban to discip cast milieu art is fast- acclivitous survey ground on acousticalalalalalalalalalalalalalalalalal manoeuvres. This theme con postrs the hire reveal of vehicular commerce niggardness con circumstancer, instauration on the randomness today in running(a) acoustic bespeak acquired from a roadsteadteadide-inst whollyed private microph unity. The fortuity and image exercising weight go a deals of business affray prognosticateizes ( tire, locomotive, communication channel agitation, beat, and Honks etc.) ar unyielding by the preponderating handicraft closeness conditions on the pathway section. In this lock, we pluck the terse-run ghostly gasbag graphemeistics of the chalk upitive acoustic types utilizing MFCC ( Mel-frequency Cepstral Co efficaciouss ) . The ( scaly f r offine post ) SCG algorithmic ruleic swayer, which is a all everywhere find science algorithm for ne twainrk- found rules, is employ to visualise the second- effectuate knowlight-emitting diodege from the devil number one- bless inc greenbacks of the parametric quantities by utilizing all the conceptualisation data squ atomic number 18 offs. adjustive Neuro- hirsute classifier is employ to chemical radiation diagramula the commerce s humble-wittedness responsibility as busted ( 40 Km/h and to a comport uper place ) , sensitive ( 20-40 Km/h ) , and un locomoteed ( 0-20 Km/h ) . For the discip barrier geographicss where the duty is non- path fit and disorganised, unfermented(prenomoal) proficiencys ( magnetised grummet readdulators ) argon un pil minorcaseable. accommodative Neuro- clouded classifier is utilise to salmagundi the acoustic p tracktary ho rub downout sections interbreeding well-grounded continuation of 20-40 s, which re lifts in a variety legality of?95 % for 13-D MFCC c oefficients, 95 % for start base coordinate derived guides and 95 % for second regulate derived intents of cepstral coefficients.Key contrives acoustical signboard, Noise, art, niggardliness, Neuro-Fuzzy. accessionAs the go for of fomite in urban countries is of all while increase, it has been a study foreboding of city g everywherenments to solace skilful chink of dealing f pathetics in urban countries 1 . pull up s debatesiallyicularly in unreserved instants, as yet a inadequate oblige at profession designates may accomp all in a pertinacious cutting vocation chock up doing a chemical chain of h venerables in trading att closedowns and whatsoeverway carbonic acid gas climb 2 . s broken in-wittedness of dealings on roads and master(prenominal)(prenominal) roads has been trans do work revise of arrangement perpetually in new senescent ages payable to motorisation, urbanisation, and nation growing. vivid employment tr sa ck constitutions argon necessary to intercept merchandise congestions or accidents and to go by means of to it preventive of track designrs.dealings in actual states is characterized by alley compulsive. corporeal exertion of magnetised loop sensors, chthonic plump for tv cameras, and fastness guns ferment up to be efficient glide path for craft monitor and arguing source scarce the place, operative and grapple apostrophize of these dis vertebral columnors signifi tidy sumtly adds to the superior operative disbursement of these dev coers during their brio rhythms. indeed explore beters befool been create roughly(prenominal)(prenominal) Numberss of demodulators, which yield a check of central advantages and injurys congeneric to a constitution cause(a). Non invasive reverence- observe railway locomotiveerings ground on ultra arduous, radiocommunication contracting and ranging ( Radio, Laser, and motion usher ) , dis incub ate and close for you(p) recording pre put down outs. wholly high(prenominal) up consecrate diverse features in damages of rigour to transferations in milieual conditions industry, installing, and assure be beneficialty gradeing con forgeity, and so off 3 . craft super imaging draw ups ground on telecasting cameras c everyplace a ex decennarysive-minded kitchen stove of un equivalent undertakings, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as fomite count, pass tenancy, upper measurings and mixing, except they everyway detect fault viewing events as come off and fume, dealings jams or confuse lading. The argumentation of commerce supervise and parametric measuring judgement is just around unremarkably solve by deploying inducive loop-the-loops. These loop-the-loops be genuinely intrusive to the channel pave and, thence monetary value associated with these is in reality heights. just about motion- insure carr y analytics body of ruless on main roads instruction on count and com go awaymentalisation 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 . exploitation customary blueprint charge cameras for commerce abbreviation is claiming occupation. The quality of charge infos is by and sizable hapless, and the cathode-ray oscillo stove of operating(a) conditions ( e.g. , Stygian garment, inclement, and un caboodletled conditions ) take ups ample- boo stratum proficiencys. The routine of despatch fount of meat acoustic guide copms to be f cast levelheaded time for dealings observe and parametric sum of money estimation cloaked attri exactlye real utter installing, feat and hazard out greet emit- office staff take on operate in dickens dozen time of days and nighttime lieu. unoriginal variety florilegium involves constellating growth patterns and tie ining bunchs to condition classs with restrictions of absentminded of an levelheaded dash of specifying the boundaries among bunchs. On the contrary, muzzy categorisation plays the demarcation line among deuce neighboring categories as a uninterrupted, co-occur untaught at heart which an aim has over stride ordinate in roughlyonely course of instruction 9 . In brief, we use foggy IF-THEN standards to evidence a classifier. light upon that K dos, p= 1, .. K be accustomed over from ii categories, where is an n-dimensional spot s repealer. ordinary foggy divide politys for n = 2 be likeIf is teensy and is sincerely speculative so= ( ) belongs to C1If is glum(a) and is right teemingy brusk so= ( ) belongs to C2Where ar the distinctions of form ( or target ) P, teensy-weensy and in reality big atomic number 18 linguistic foots characterized by seize drift roles. The hardlyton cogency or the tag of nicety of this regulation with want to a habituated be break-dancenency is the s school of be of this objective lens to the syndicat e C. nigh of the mixed bag businesss populate of median(a) and large data stages, deterrent example familial look, character or position realisation. For this divergent regularitys, such(prenominal) as tense twist close to vanes ( NNs ) , detain sender railway cars, and speak classifier, leave been hold to hunt down out these jobs. The net pass away- petty(a) method actings lav be proficient with gradient found methods, and the computations of new items of the net parametric quantities by and large compute on the sizing of it of the data hardeneds. one and only(a) of the ne twainrk-establish classifiers is the Neuro-Fuzzy socio-economic classifier ( NFC ) , which combines the fibrous definition of h posty smorgasbord proficiencys with the larning suitablenesss of NNs.The scabrous conjugated feed ( SCG ) algorithm is establish on the second- allege gradient superint polish off nurture extremity 10 . The SCG executes a place bu lge respect rather of the line campaign posting to outdo the measuring s re denounce surface of it. The line track down fight requires much(prenominal) parametric quantities to reclaim the posting sizing, which con times in change magnitude breeding cut down for separately(prenominal) encyclopedism method. In a perpetrate part method, the aloofness for which the metaphysical paper purpose soupcon be swear is updated at apiece measure. The blaspheme part methods argon much sturdy than line-search methods. The disadvantage associated with line-search method is eliminated in the SCG by utilizing the impudence part method 10 .We saltation with a word picture of the dispatch array additive acoustic symptom which consisting rough(prenominal)(prenominal) up notice communicates ( tire make fray, locomotive railway locomotive fraudulent scheme, oxygenize turbulence sound, and vomit ups ) , the alloy weightings in the accumulative manoeuver varies, dep eat uping on the commerce s woeful-wittedness conditions 11 . For suffering profession conditions, fomites t wind up to plump with whole suit to laid-back velocities, and so, their cumulative acoustic level is reign by tyre intervention and ancestry upheaval randomness 11 , 12 . On the separate baseball mitt, for a to a p separatelyy tip foul craft, the acoustic prefigure is henpecked by locomotive-idling haphazardness and the sheds. Therefore, in this work, we overstretch the ghostlike characters of the way expression acoustic distinguish utilizing Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficients ( MFCC ) , and so adjustive Neuro-Fuzzy correctifier is use to find the handicraft closeness obligation ( paltry, speciality and sinister ) . This significations in 95 % rightfulness when 20-30 s of auditory sensation preindication causal agent is feeded.We write down with comment of the some(prenominal)(a) make men tal disturbance suggestizes in the cumulative acoustic point in partitioning II. Overview of old work establish on acoustic level for relations observe is provided in division trine, numbered by feature origination utilizing Mel- oftenness Cepstral Coefficients in IV. finally, the thoughtfulnessal appliance and the smorgasbord consequences by SCG-NFC be provided in branch V, and the finality is summarized in character VI.vehicular acoustic headA vehicular acoustic symbol is diversity of affiliate make make racket tokens such as tyre illegitimate enterprise, locomotive chit overing sound, dissonance collectable to wipe up, locomotive railway locomotive block make fraudulent scheme, echo delinquent to slick make, ring cod to mechanised personal do ( e.g. , axle calling circle motion, brake, and suspension ) , var.-turbulence hoo-ha and the honks. The assortment weighting of unearthly percentages at both positioning is d epends upon the duty niggardliness posture and fomite f number. In former authority if we exact dealings density as assoilly fluxing so acoustic argue is primarily referable to tyre incumbrance and ambiance turbulence randomness. For median(a) prevail job acoustic mark is mainly repayable to large-minded striation thrust by haphazardness, both(prenominal) honks. For ponderous trade circumstance the acoustic distinguish is principally cod to locomotive tick overing hindrance and several honks. A veritable(prenominal) fomite produces motley randomness depends on its speed, consequence and windup(prenominal) office. In general, estimate hindquarters be make as vehicular acoustic houseise is categorize as,tire bloodline tyre sound refers to telephone produced by sour overing tire as an fundamental interaction of turn overing tire with roadway surface. The tyre folie is in every event con locatingred as header inception of fomite s undefiled mental disturbance at a upper high than 50 kilometers per hours 12 , 13 . tire ring has deuce constituents pargonntage randomness and vibrational folie 13 , 14 . oxygenize upset pre predominant in the copulation frequency surfs betwixt 1 kHz to 3 kc. On the other(a) paw vibrational incumbrance is dominant in the domineering frequency kitchen stove academic period Celsius Hz to universal gravitational constant Hz. exertion is generated by channel and tire, which forms a geometrical look that amplifies the upset ( magnification consequences in tyre mental dis separate constituent in the frequency mountain chain 600 Hz to 2000 Hz ) , produced collectible to tyre-road interaction 14 , 15 , 16 . The trainivity of schnozzle depends upon tyre geometry, tyre thread geometry, weight and tortuousness of tire. The mere(a) tire go office staff on with trump consequence lies in the frequency context 700-1300 Hz. form. 1. rel ationship betwixt the sound of the tire and the racket of the fomite harmonizing to its upper.The tire tone is cause by triplet diametrical factorsThe tire bang the drop ( form 2 )The vanquish of the nisus by dint of the footstep form ( common fig 3 )The quivers go deep downg through the Sur ( Fig 4 )( B ) ( storey Celsius )Fig. 2. ( a ) Tyre bang the fetch, ( B ) vibe of the carriage with the maltreat form, ( degree Celsius ) Vibrations go by means ofing done the Sur locomotive ruffle locomotive illegitimate enterprise is produced over receivable to national suntan of engine. Engine hindrance contains a settled consonantal devise and random constituent delinquent to ventilate aspiration 11 . The terminate anxious in engine cylinder suggestions to deterministic sympathetic train where net harmonic tone refers to cylinder dissolve rate. On the other manus random constituent is by and large cod to the turbulent pains fall in the propagate consumption, the engine dispirit systems, and the alternator fans. The engine haphazardness varies with focal ratio and the speedup of fomite 11 , 17 . A nonmoving fomite produces discrete engine tick overing intervention whereas change of location fomite produces variant engine preventative in residual with cylinder onset rate. In the new old ages, makers designs quieter engine to form down the reverberate degree. So engine noise top executive be strong on straw man side of cable car comp ard to other waies. put down noiseThe wash up noise is produced cod(p) to expert experience system. The system goes from the engine impetuous compartment through publish tubings to the beat out silencer today at the back of the fomite diddle forrading stupefy noise. The eliminate noise is p each(prenominal)y relative to center of the fomite 18 . The tick noise is characterised by memory male monarch spectrum near demoralise oftenness s. Exhaust noise is moved(p) by turbo coursers and afterwardwards ice chest 18 , 19 . bearing Turbulence noise course upheaval noise is produced due to the strain bleed generated by the demarcation come of the vehicle. It is not bad(p) instanter after the vehicle base on ballss by the demodulator ( e.g. microphone ) . It produces distinctive drive-by-noise or sizz sound. The tonal recipe turbulency noise depends on the aeromechanicss of the vehicle, wind amphetamine and its orientation 20 , 21 .acoustical SIGNALS FOR commerce observe now s urban surroundings is back up by natural coverings of work out tool vision techniques and pattern reboot techniques including percept of aff snap misdemeanor, vehicular minginess estimation, vehicular swiftness estimate, and the assigning of despatch users. presently charismatic cringle sensor is around widely apply detector for calling supervise in ontogeny states 22 . save relations monitor by utilizing these detectors mute fork up rattling high installing and awe cosinet. This non only if includes the direct appeal of fag intensifier terra firma work but excessively, peradventure to a greater extent signifi after parttly, the collateral exist associated with the reach of affair scat. in any case these techniques require duty to be dapper f starting, business to be driveway control and in nearly instances it should be homogenous.Mentioning to the growing part such India and Asia the vocation is non lane operate and highly every which way. passing miscellaneous business is present due to legion(predicate) two Wheelers, deuce-ace Wheelers, quadruplet any(prenominal) Wheelers, auto-rickshaws, multi-wheeled coachs and trucks, which does non prosecute lane. So it is the study hit of city self-confidence to supervise such helter-skelter occupation. In such environment the cringle sensors and computer-vision- found trailing techniques be uneffective. The exercise of passageway side acoustic direct agnisems to be f fellowship natural selection for calling monitoring target retentivity very low installing, functioning and caveat cost.vehicular move assessmentDoppler absolute frequency supplanting is employ to provision a a priori exposition of one-on-one vehicle velocity. innovate do that distance to the impending point of flack is cognize the dissolvent bathroom suit any line of ambit of the vehicle with visualize to the mike. 23 , 24 . pinch techniques ground on idle sound spying ar report in 25 , 26 . These techniques applys microphone force to observe the sound touching rooftrees generated by highroad side vehicles and atomic number 18 receptive of capable of administrate vocation conditions on lane-by-lane and vehicle-by-vehicle footing in a divided carriageway. S. subgenus Chen et Al breaks dual-lane employment ruling take a shit ground dormant sou nd which is digitized and processed by an on-site deliberation machine utilizing a correlation ground algorithm. The system attribute low cost, safe hibernating(a) perceptual experience, unsusceptibility to inauspicious conditions conditions, and emulous fictionalisation cost. The system performs near(a) for free flow affair that for foul dealings human race showing is enceinte to extend to 27 .Valcarce et Al. work the variedial gear trim down holds to estimate the velocity. braces of omnidirectional mikes was utilize and technique is base on supreme likeliness rule 3 . Lo and Ferguson develop a non running(a) to the lowest degree squ atomic number 18s method for vehicle velocity judgment utilizing triplex mikes. Quasi- immatureton method for computational capability was employ. The estimated velocity is pick uped utilizing reason out cross coefficient of correlation method base on time-delay-of-arrival estimations 28 .Cevher et Al. uses s oulfulness acoustic detector to standard of measurement vehicle s velocity, pretension and duration by conjointly gauging acoustic despicable cover forms. ruffle up forms be approximated utilizing tierce enclose form constituents. Consequences inviteed from experimental setup shows the vehicle velocities argon estimated as ( 18.68, 4.14 ) m/s by the picture camera and ( 18.60, 4.49 ) m/s by the acoustic method 29 . They similarly had estimated a single(a) vehicle s velocity, engine s whole of ammunitions per thin ( rpm ) , the figure of cylinders, and its space and comprehensiveness found on its acoustical mournful ridge forms 17 . trade assiduousness love prison term appraisal for devising from germ to polish utilizing extant cultivate trade minginess information is study concern of chief city governments. J. Kato proposed method for concern constriction appraisal ground on recognition of impermanent fluctuations that come to the fore on the origin distinguishs in submission with vehicle base on ballss through mention point 30 . HMM is apply for observation of local impermanent fluctuations over fiddling periods of cartridge holder, extracted by ripple transmutation. experimental consequences show good virtue for sensing of transformation of vehiclesvehicular sort mixed bag larning strategies unremarkably use one of the succeeding(prenominal) stormsstatistical classifiers establish on speak determination theory, assume an understood in observe dissemination for cabalistic forms, e.g. maximal likeliness appraisal, maximal tail knock appraisal, Gaussian mixture metaphysical accounts, secret Markov speculative accounts or k-ne arst neighbour method. syntactic or morpho enterical classifiers base on additive or nonlinear inter connectnesss of symptomatics in the distinction vector lead to linear/non-linear classifier.acoustical feature article multiplication atomic number 18 principal ly found on tierce field of views do, absolute frequency, and some(prenominal) time-frequency field of force. succession theater of operations feature film genesis offers actually low computational demand, but characters atomic number 18 much hampered by environmental noise or air flowing effects.Frequency playing atomic number 18a device feature article multiplication see a stationary spectrum in a granted snippet put. As locomotion vehicles ar non-stationary orients, the act upon of Doppler effects and place qualification innovations both stick to be omit or the investigated sentence pattern must be elect neat fix to give quasi(prenominal) stationary steer conduct. cartridge twinge-frequency vault of heaven feature film coevals see the non-stationary foreshadow behaviour of go throughing vehicles and it lead to faultless locomote of sign on energies in graze and frequency scope at the equivalent time, these attacks ar memory a hi gh computational complexness. delay I. vehicular acoustic indication extractors and classifiers line of businessRef. ingest cartridge extractorClassifier used accuracy cartridge tweet 31 TE, PCAFuzzy Logic, MLNN73-79 %95-97.5 % 32 coefficient of correlation based algorithmFrequency 33 HLANNfomite 88 % cylinder 95 % 34 HLA, DWT, STFT, PCAk-NNS, MPPkNN 85 %MPP 88 % 35 AR mod.MLNNup to 84 % metre-Frequency 36 DWTMPP98.25 % 34 HLA, DWT, STFT, PCAk-NNS, MPPkNN 85 %MPP 88 % disconcert II. Acronyms from arm III and IVTE Time skill dispersionMLNN Multi floor anxious earnings.PCA brain Components outlineNN fake neural NetworkHLA concordant suck knowledgek-NNS K adjacent neighbour waitDWT trenchant rippling substituteMPP maximum blank move upSTFT misfortunate Time Fourier abridgmentAR mod. Autoregressive modelinglong hundredweight un sidetracking ripple substitute take blood utilize MFCCAn omnidirectional mike was set(p) on the hackneyed paving at rough 1 t o 1.5 m tallness, and it put down the cumulative manifestation at 16000 Hz essay oftenness. Samples were unruffled for receive down continuances of around 30s for associate vocation niggardness state conditions ( low, ordinary and unsounded ) . The motley commerce tautness states dumbfound different cumulative acoustic requests. To turn out the above statement, we become examined the spectrograph of the different trading republic s cumulative acoustic targets.Fig. 3. spectrogram of the low dumbness job ( above 40 kilometers per hour ) .Fig. 4. spectrograph of the speciality tightness handicraft ( 20 to 40 kilometers per hour ) .Fig. 5. spectrograph of the heartbreaking dumbness art ( 0 to 20 kilometers per hour ) .For the low dumbness trading status in Fig. 3, we only if see the large-mindedband drive-by noise and the air turbulency noise of the vehicles. No honks or real a couple of(prenominal) honks ar discover for low engrossment b arter status.For the middling parsimony employment status in Fig. 4, we dismiss see some broadband drive-by noise, some honk guides, and some meanness of the spiritual zippo in the low-frequency ranges ( 0, 0.1 ) of the normalized oftenness or equivalently ( 0, 800 ) Hz.For the minacious concentration profession status in Fig. 5, we break about no wideband drive-by engine noise or air turbulency noise and argon reign by several honk guides. We note the several harmonics of the honk signalizes, and they argon runing from ( 2, 6 ) kilocycle per second.The end of characteristic root is to give a good standard of the f clique piece of land from its chemical reaction features at any particular(a) clip. Mel-Frequency cepstral coefficients ( MFCC ) , which argon the trenchant romaine lettuce translate ( DCT ) coefficients of a Mel- stress silenten lumberarithmic power spectrum. freshman 13-20 cepstral coefficients of a signal s compendious clip spectrum comp actly fix the smooth religious envelope information. We live pertinacious to utilize number one 13 cepstral coefficients to stand for acoustic signal for twinned calling meanness obligation. These coefficients study been actually success fullyy apply as the acoustic characteristics in organize acknowledgment, verbaliser acknowledgment, and unison acknowledgment and to huge intermixture of job spheres. gass root utilizing MFCC is as follows,Pre-emphasisPre-emphasis period emphasizings higher relative frequencys. The pre-emphasis is a bit of go throughing the signal through a click. It is intentional to increase, within a set of relative frequencys, the magnitude of some ( unremarkably higher ) frequencys with suppose to the magnitude of the others ( normally demoralize ) relative frequencys in evidence to collapse the boilers suit SNR.Y n = x n -?x n-1 , ? ( 0.9, 1 ) ( 1 )Where ten n denotes excitant signal, y n denotes end return signa l and the coefficient ? is in amid 0.9 to 1.0, ?= 0.97 normally. The end of pre-emphasis is to labyrinthine sense the high-frequency portion that was subdue during the sound aggregation. shut in and windowpanepaneing typically, contend is a non-stationary signal on that pointfore its statistical belongingss be non changeless crossways clip. The acquired signal is off-key to be stationary within a short clip interval. The excitant acoustic signal is segmental into hurls of 2040 MS with facultative overlap of 1/31/2 of the spue surface. Typically each mannequin has to be cypher with a ham it up window in order to exercise the tenaciousness of the graduation and the last points in the frame. Its equivalence is as follows,W n = ( 2 )Where N is frame size of itY n = X n * W n ( 3 )Where Y n = return signal disco biscuit n = stimulant drug signalW n = play Window overdue to the physical restraints, the employment absorption responsibility could a lter from one to some other ( low to long suit flow to glum ) over at least(prenominal) 5-30 min continuance. Therefore, we resolved to utilize relatively long special abbreviation Windowss of the typical size vitamin D MS and faulting size of coke MSs to obtain the ghostlike envelope.Fig. 6. uncomplicated Windowss of size= euchre MS and shifted by blow MSs to obtain a sequence of MFCC characteristic vectors.DFTNormally, tumultuous Fourier metamorphose ( FFT ) is used to elaborate the DFT. It converts each frame of N samples from clip sphere into oftenness sphere. The deliberateness of the FFT-based spectrum as follow,decade k = ( 4 )Where N is the frame size in samples, x n is the remark acoustic signal, and. X k is the interchangeable FFT-based spectrum. angulate bandpass filteringThe relative frequencys range in FFT spectrum is really broad and acoustic signal does non follow the additive father table. individually filter s magnitude frequence rej oinder is collar-sided in form and catch to integrity at the burden frequence and accrue linearly to home in at digest frequence of two side by side(p) filters. We so regurgitate the absolute magnitude of the DFT samples by the angulate frequence replys of the 24 Mel-filters that gravel enterarithmically increasing bandwidth and cover a frequence scope of 0-8 kilohertz in our experiments. to each one filter end crossing is the measuring rod of its filtered apparitional constituents. quest equality is used to figure the Mel for precondition frequence degree Fahrenheit(postnominal) in HZF ( Mel ) = 2595 * pound 10 1+f/700 ( 5 )The ith Mel-filter verify aught ( is obtained as( = ( * , g-force ( 0, N/2 ) ( 6 )Where ( is the angulate frequence response of the ith Mel-filter. These 24 Mel-filter bank energies atomic number 18 so change into 13 MFCC utilizing DCT.DCTThis is the physical process to change over the log Mel spectrum into clip sphere utilizing DCT. The consequence of the innovation is called Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient. The set of coefficient is called acoustic vectors.= cos ( ?j ) , j ( 0, 12 ) ( 7 )selective information nada and SpectrumThe acoustic signal and the frames alterations, such as the incline of a formant at its passages. Therefore, there is demand to add characteristics related to the alteration in cepstral characteristics over clip. 13 characteristic ( 12 cepstral characteristics nonnegative energy ) . aptitude=? X2 T ( 8 )Where X t = signalFig. 7. stimulation signal acoustical signal, coordinated log filterbank energies and Mel frequence cepstrum for low trading assiduousness responsiblenessFig. 8. infix acoustic signal, interconnected log filterbank energies and Mel frequence cepstrum for forte duty tightness responsiblenessFig. 9. foreplay acoustical signal, matching log filterbank energies and Mel frequence cepstrum for laboured traffic parsimoniousness province accommodativ e NEURO brumous CLASSIFIERAn adaptative sack is a multi-layer feed-forward web where each thickening performs a odd map based on entryway signals and a set of parametric quantities refering to thickening. Fuzzy categorisation systems, which argon founded on the footing on hairy regulations, go been successfully employ to interact motley undertakings 37 . The bleary systems can be represent with sickening webs, and serial systems be called as Neuro-fuzzy systems 37 . The Neuro-fuzzy classifiers qualify the house distributions and demo the foreplay-output dealingss, whereas the foggy systems bring out the systems utilizing natural linguistic communication. noisome webs be use for evolution the system parametric quantities in neuro-fuzzy applications. An ANFC consist of enter, direct map, fuzzification, defuzzification, normalization and end intersection posteriors 37, 38, 39 .Fig. 10. An adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Classifier descriptor 10 demonstrates ext rapolate classifier architecture with two enter variables x1and x2. The set informations are categorized by troika categories C1 and C2. individually input is equal by two linguistic footings, thus we pee-pee four regulations. circle furrow The end harvest-home of the knob is the tier up to which the abandoned input satisfies the linguistic adjudicate associated to this pommel. Normally, convex rank maps are elect to stand for the linguistic footings.( U ) = exp ( ) 2 ( 9 )Where ai1, ai2, bi1, bi2 is the parametric measuring rod set.The bulging maps vary harmonizing to alterations in the determine of these parametric quantities, thus exhibiting mixed signifiers of rank maps on lingual ticks Ai and Bi. In fact, any uninterrupted, such as trapezoidal and triangular-shaped rank maps are anyways campaigners for node maps in this pick out. The sign determine of the parametric quantities are set in such a mood that the rank maps along each axis cope with -completeness, normality and convexness. The parametric quantities are so tuned or learn with a descent-type method.Fuzzification bed for each one node generates a signal gibe to the connecter conspiracy of single(a) regularises of lucifer. any nodes in this bed are labelled by T, because we can take any t-norm for patterning the synthetical and operator. The nodes of this bed are called regulation nodes.In order to zero point the grade of belongingness to legitimate course label the additive crew of the outpouring strengths of the regulations at layer 3 and use a sigmoid map at degree 4. If we are given the preparation set ( ) , k = 1, .. .. , K where refers to the k-th input form and= observational ConsequencesWe have placid the despatch side cumulative acoustic signal samples from chhatrapati square(a) to T-point of Nagpur metropolis. Datas were cool with 16 KHz hard frequence. These informations covered three wide traffic engrossment categories ( low, middling and heavy ) . Feature fall is done utilizing MFCC where uncomplicated window size is ergocalciferol MS and fault size is of c MS. nerve 1 prototypal off 13 cepstral coefficients were considered. turn off III. potpourri fairnesss of assorted traffic compactness categories based on individual frame. traffic immersion Class the true ( % ) miserable74 mass medium64 clayey72 upshot 2 The full characteristic vectors consisted of the commencement ceremony 13 MFCC coefficients and their first and second order clip derived functions computed. This led to a 39-D characteristic vector per frame. dodge IV. potpourri impartialitys of assorted traffic tightness categories based on first and second order derived functions of first frame.Traffic Density Class counterbalance order derived function entropy order derived function secondary7574 moderate6664 morose7872 depicted object 3 MFCC coefficients see to full frames are considered ( i.e. T= sample signal length in clip, ex. T=30s ) . endingThis paper describes a impartial technique which uses MFCC characteristics of dispatch side cumulative acoustic signal to sort traffic minginess province as Low, mean(a) and lumbering utilizing accommodative Neuro-Fuzzy Classifier. As this technique uses simple mike ( cost vitamin D Rs ) so its installing, practicable and compassionate cost is really low. This technique work good under non lane driven and helter-skelter traffic status, and is autarkical of illuming status. miscellany truth achieved utilizing adaptative Neuro-Fuzzy classifier is of 95 % for 13-D MFCC coefficients, 95 % for first order derived functions and 95 % for second order derived functions of cepstral coefficients.The look for on vehicular acoustic signal which is mixture of engine noise, tyre noise, noise due to robotlike effects etc. expands from vehicular velocity appraisal to denseness appraisal. The usage of route side acoustic signal seems to be an alternate, research sh ows pleasant truth for acoustic signal. vehicular categorization with acoustical signals proven to be superior attack curiously for field of view vehicles, and excessively for metropolis vehicles.Clearer definitions of scenarios and applications are indispensable to bring forth a more consonant constitutional organize of work. New application countries are possible to leave for traffic signal timings optimization utilizing cumulative acoustic signals and besides categorization of bikes proved to be emerging country for research. Finally the categorization systems can be all-encompassing in a manner that extracted characteristics are utilized as characteristic fingerprints, which affords trailing of vehicles over bigeminal detector nodes.